Iris versicolor

L.

Harlequin Blueflag

G5Secure Found in 24 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.132305
Element CodePMIRI09160
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderLiliales
FamilyIridaceae
GenusIris
Other Common Names
harlequin blueflag (EN) Iris versicolore (FR)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-08-08
Change Date1984-06-06
Edition Date2025-08-08
Edition AuthorsN. Ventrella (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Iris versicolor is a perennial forb occurring in mashes. bogs, fens, swamps, along shorelines, roadsides, and mountain habitats of eastern North America, from Manitoba east to Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, south to Maine, Virginia, west to Ohio and Minnesota in the United States, and introduced in Europe and West Himalaya. There are over 2,000 estimated occurrences of this species in its native range, which are potentially threatened by development, water diversion, alteration of hydrology, recreational activities, invasive species, and other threats in some places. Little is known about threats and trends, but with a large range extent, large number of occurrences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, Iris versicolor is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
The native range of Iris versicolor is in eastern North America, from Manitoba east to Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, south to Maine, Virginia, west to Ohio and Minnesota, and also disjunct in Idaho in the United States (FNA 2002, CPNWH 2025). It is also introduced in Europe and West Himalaya (POWO 2025).The native range extent was estimated to be over 4 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are more than 2,000 occurrences in its native range (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025). However, this genus is commonly cultivated, and iNaturalist observations (>22,000) were not evaluated for evidence of cultivation (iNaturalist 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Iris versicolor is likely threatened by development, water diversion, alteration of hydrology, recreational activities, invasive species, and other threats in some places, though there is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand scope and severity of threats for this species. However, they are considered negligible given the broad range and large number of occurrences of the species, its somewhat flexible and abundant habitat, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Iris versicolor occurs in a wide range of habitats such as marshes (freshwater and tidal), bogs, fens, swamps, shores, and ditches, and along roadsides and mountains at elevations up to 1067 m (FNA 2002, Les 2020, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025). Plants occur on wet substrates or in shallow, standing water (15–50 cm), in sun to partial shade, and prefer open, shallow sites.

Reproduction

Iris versicolor seeds are dispersed mainly by water (Les 2020).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest EdgeAlpine
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDFORESTED WETLANDBog/fenRiparian
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
WisconsinSNRYes
DelawareS5Yes
NebraskaSNANo
MinnesotaSNRYes
District of ColumbiaS1Yes
New YorkS5Yes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
OhioSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
West VirginiaS4Yes
VirginiaS3Yes
IdahoS2Yes
VermontS5Yes
MichiganSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
MaineSNRYes
MarylandSNRYes
IllinoisSNRYes
New HampshireSNRYes
ConnecticutSNRYes
New JerseyS5Yes
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
Island of NewfoundlandS5Yes
OntarioS5Yes
New BrunswickS5Yes
QuebecS5Yes
NunavutS2Yes
LabradorS3Yes
ManitobaS3Yes
Nova ScotiaS5Yes
Prince Edward IslandS5Yes
SaskatchewanS1Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (24)
Michigan (2)
AreaForestAcres
Bear SwampHuron-Manistee National Forest3,915
FibreHiawatha National Forest7,432
Minnesota (7)
AreaForestAcres
Baker - Homer - Brule LakesSuperior National Forest6,712
Baldpate LakeSuperior National Forest486
Brule Lake - Eagle MountainSuperior National Forest12,380
Hegman LakesSuperior National Forest675
Kawishiwi Lake To SawbillSuperior National Forest15,305
Phantom LakeSuperior National Forest6,521
Wood LakeSuperior National Forest596
New Hampshire (8)
AreaForestAcres
Carr MountainWhite Mountain National Forest17,110
Great Gulf Ext.White Mountain National Forest15,110
Kinsman MountainWhite Mountain National Forest8,999
PemigewassetWhite Mountain National Forest32,255
Pemigewasset ExtWhite Mountain National Forest15,840
Presidential - Dry River ExtWhite Mountain National Forest10,555
Sandwich RangeWhite Mountain National Forest16,797
Wild RiverWhite Mountain National Forest46,878
Vermont (5)
AreaForestAcres
Bread LoafGreen Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,768
Griffith Lake 09084Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,833
Lye Brook Addition 09085Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,111
Wilder Mountain 09082Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests8,759
Woodford 09086Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests2,456
Wisconsin (2)
AreaForestAcres
09011 - Flynn Lake Study AreaChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest5,951
09012 - Round Lake Study AreaChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest3,707
References (11)
  1. Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria (CPNWH). 2025. Online database of vascular plant specimens from the Pacific Northwest. Online. Available: http://www.pnwherbaria.org/index.php (accessed 2025).
  2. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 26. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxvi + 723 pp.
  3. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  4. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  6. Les, D. 2020. Aquatic Monocotyledons of North America: Ecology, Life History, and Systematics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 568 pp.
  7. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  8. Plants of the World Online (POWO). 2025. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Online. Available: https://powo.science.kew.org/ (accessed 2025).
  9. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  10. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).
  11. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2025. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. Edition of February 18, 2025. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Online. Available: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu (accessed 2025).