Vaccinium oxycoccos

L.

Small Cranberry

G5Secure Found in 85 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.153122
Element CodePDERI180R0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderEricales
FamilyEricaceae
GenusVaccinium
Synonyms
Oxycoccus oxycoccos(L.) MacM.Oxycoccus palustrisPers.
Other Common Names
Canneberge commune (FR) small cranberry (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
If placed in the segregate genus Oxycoccos, these plants are called Oxycoccus oxycoccos, a permissible near-tautonym (see Voss, Michigan Flora, vol. 3). Synonyms include Oxycoccus palustris, and (incorrectly) O. quadripetalus.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-11-05
Change Date1984-09-06
Edition Date2024-11-05
Edition AuthorsN. Ventrella (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Vaccinium oxycoccos is a widespread perennial shrub or subshrub occurring in bogs fens, muskegs, arctic, and alpine tundra of North America, Greenland, St. Pierre and Miquelon, northern Europe, and northern Asia. There are over 2,000 occurrences of this species, which are threatened by rights-of-way maintenance, pollution and eutrophication, lack of fire leading to succession, development, and likely other threats in some places. Little is known about threats or trends, but with a large range extent, high number of occurrences, abundant habitat, broad habitat preferences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, Vaccinium oxycoccos is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Vaccinium oxycoccos is a widespread circumboreal species, occurring in North America, Greenland, St. Pierre and Miquelon, northern Europe, and northern Asia (FNA 2009). In North America, it occurs throughout Canada and Alaska and Maine south to Maryland, west to Illinois and Minnesota, and in the western United States. Range extent was estimated using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations collected between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium records and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024, there are estimated to be over 2,000 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Threats to Vaccinium oxycoccos are not widely documented, but include rights-of-way maintenance, pollution and eutrophication, lack of fire leading to succession, development, and likely other threats in some places, though there is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand scope and severity of threats for this species (NatureServe 2024).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

In North America, Vaccinium oxycoccos is "half buried in Sphagnum hummocks in bogs, fens, muskeg, [and] arctic-alpine tundra" (FNA 2009).
Terrestrial Habitats
AlpineTundra
Palustrine Habitats
FORESTED WETLANDBog/fen
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
OntarioS5Yes
AlbertaS4Yes
QuebecS5Yes
Prince Edward IslandSNRYes
ManitobaS5Yes
New BrunswickSNRYes
Northwest TerritoriesSNRYes
Yukon TerritorySNRYes
LabradorS5Yes
British ColumbiaS5Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS5Yes
NunavutSNRYes
SaskatchewanS5Yes
Nova ScotiaSNRYes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
MichiganSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
New YorkS5Yes
OhioS2Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
OregonS4Yes
New HampshireSNRYes
VirginiaSNRYes
IndianaS2Yes
AlaskaSNRYes
WashingtonSNRYes
West VirginiaS3Yes
VermontS4Yes
Rhode IslandS2Yes
MarylandS2Yes
ConnecticutSNRYes
IllinoisS1Yes
IdahoS3Yes
MaineSNRYes
New JerseyS1Yes
PennsylvaniaSNRYes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentUnknownUnknownUnknown
4 - Transportation & service corridorsUnknownUnknownUnknown
7 - Natural system modificationsUnknownUnknownUnknown
7.1 - Fire & fire suppressionUnknownUnknownUnknown
7.1.2 - Suppression in fire frequency/intensityUnknownUnknownUnknown
9 - PollutionUnknownUnknownUnknown
9.3 - Agricultural & forestry effluentsUnknownUnknownUnknown
9.3.1 - Nutrient loadsUnknownUnknownUnknown

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (85)
Alaska (57)
AreaForestAcres
Behm IslandsTongass National Forest4,777
Bering LakeChugach National Forest965,076
Boston BarChugach National Forest53,617
ChichagofTongass National Forest555,858
Chilkat-West Lynn CanalTongass National Forest199,772
Chugach-12Chugach National Forest8,116
Chugach-13Chugach National Forest13,337
ClevelandTongass National Forest189,447
College FiordChugach National Forest1,130,818
Copper River WetlandsChugach National Forest85,972
Douglas IslandTongass National Forest28,065
East MitkofTongass National Forest8,795
EudoraTongass National Forest195,022
Fidalgo-GravinaChugach National Forest257,968
Five MileTongass National Forest19,459
Freshwater BayTongass National Forest44,933
Game CreekTongass National Forest54,469
GravinaTongass National Forest37,381
Green RocksTongass National Forest11,093
HardingTongass National Forest174,349
Hoonah SoundTongass National Forest79,764
Johnson PassChugach National Forest152,508
Juneau UrbanTongass National Forest101,581
Juneau-Skagway IcefieldTongass National Forest1,187,268
KartaTongass National Forest52,117
KekuTongass National Forest10,869
Kenai LakeChugach National Forest213,172
Kenai MountainsChugach National Forest306,600
KogishTongass National Forest65,216
LindenbergTongass National Forest25,855
MadanTongass National Forest68,553
Mansfield PeninsulaTongass National Forest54,991
Middle KruzofTongass National Forest14,724
Neka BayTongass National Forest7,142
Nellie JuanChugach National Forest713,697
North BaranofTongass National Forest314,089
North ClevelandTongass National Forest105,288
North KruzofTongass National Forest33,146
North KupreanofTongass National Forest114,660
North RevillaTongass National Forest215,430
Pavlof-East PointTongass National Forest5,399
Port AlexanderTongass National Forest120,681
RedoubtTongass National Forest68,347
ResurrectionChugach National Forest224,615
RevillaTongass National Forest29,298
RhineTongass National Forest23,010
Roaded DonutChugach National Forest968
Sheridan GlacierChugach National Forest224,683
Sitka UrbanTongass National Forest112,003
South KruzofTongass National Forest55,193
South RevillaTongass National Forest52,105
Taku-SnettishamTongass National Forest664,928
Tenakee RidgeTongass National Forest20,527
Thorne RiverTongass National Forest72,983
Twenty MileChugach National Forest198,775
Upper SitukTongass National Forest16,789
Yakutat ForelandsTongass National Forest323,648
Maine (1)
AreaForestAcres
Caribou - Speckled ExtWhite Mountain National Forest5,988
Minnesota (6)
AreaForestAcres
Baker - Homer - Brule LakesSuperior National Forest6,712
Baldpate LakeSuperior National Forest486
Brule Lake - Eagle MountainSuperior National Forest12,380
Cabin CreekSuperior National Forest6,071
Hegman LakesSuperior National Forest675
Phantom LakeSuperior National Forest6,521
New Hampshire (7)
AreaForestAcres
Great Gulf Ext.White Mountain National Forest15,110
JobildunkWhite Mountain National Forest3,660
Kinsman MountainWhite Mountain National Forest8,999
Mt. Wolf - Gordon PondWhite Mountain National Forest11,846
PemigewassetWhite Mountain National Forest32,255
Presidential - Dry River ExtWhite Mountain National Forest10,555
Wild RiverWhite Mountain National Forest46,878
Oregon (2)
AreaForestAcres
TahkenitchSiuslaw National Forest5,799
Umpqua SpitSiuslaw National Forest2,090
Vermont (1)
AreaForestAcres
Griffith Lake 09084Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,833
Washington (5)
AreaForestAcres
Big Lava BedGifford Pinchot National Forest19,043
EntiatWenatchee National Forest72,617
Mt. Baker NorthMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest16,873
Rock CreekWenatchee National Forest32,239
Rugged RidgeOlympic National Forest4,358
West Virginia (5)
AreaForestAcres
Cranberry AdditionMonongahela National Forest11,123
Cranberry Glades Botanical AreaMonongahela National Forest785
Dolly Sods Roaring PlainMonongahela National Forest13,392
Falls Of Hills CreekMonongahela National Forest6,925
Turkey MountainMonongahela National Forest6,421
Wisconsin (1)
AreaForestAcres
09012 - Round Lake Study AreaChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest3,707
References (7)
  1. Dodds, J.S. 2023. <i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i> Rare Plant Profile. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, State Parks, Forests & Historic Sites, State Forest Fire Service & Forestry, Office of Natural Lands Management, New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Trenton, NJ. 22 pp. [https://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/natural/heritage/docs/vaccinium-oxycoccos-small-cranberry.pdf]
  2. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2009. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 8. Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae. Oxford University Press, New York. xxiv + 585 pp.
  3. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  4. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  6. NatureServe. 2024. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  7. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).