Carex brunnescens

(Pers.) Poir.

Brownish Sedge

G5Secure Found in 3 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.128098
Element CodePMCYP03280
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderCyperales
FamilyCyperaceae
GenusCarex
Other Common Names
brownish sedge (EN) Carex brunâtre (FR)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
Toivonen's treatment in FNA (2002, vol. 23) accepts two subspecies of C. brunnescens: ssp. sphaerostachya and the typical, including ssp. alaskana and ssp. pacifica as indistinct from the typical. Weakley et al. (2025), noting that Maguilla et al. (2015) found no conclusive support for or against recognizing infraspecific taxa, recognize C. brunnescens var. sphaerostachya rather than accepting it at the subspecies rank.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-06-25
Change Date1984-02-24
Edition Date2025-06-25
Edition AuthorsSoteropoulos (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Carex brunnescens is a wide-ranging perennial graminoid in a variety of habitat types. It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring in North America from Alaska, United States and throughout Canada south in the northern United States, much of the western United States, and in the mountains of the eastern United States to northern Georgia; it also occurs in Eurasia. There are estimated to be thousands of occurrences worldwide, which face threats from development, rights-of-way maintenance, hydrological alteration, invasive species, and other threats in some places. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent and large number of occurrences, abundant habitat, broad habitat preferences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Carex brunnescens has a circumboreal distribution, occurring in North America from Alaska, United States and throughout Canada south in the western United States to California east to Colorado and South Dakota, and in the eastern United States to northern Georgia, Illinois, and Minnesota; it also occurs in Eurasia (FNA 2002). Range extent was estimated to be over 70 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025). See individual entries for distribution details about the subspecific taxa.
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are thousands occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, this species is threatened by development, rights-of-way maintenance, hydrological alteration, invasive species, and other threats in some places, though there is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand scope and severity of threats for this species (NatureServe 2025). However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range, large number of occurrences, and affinity for typically abundant habitats, as well as no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

In North America, Carex brunnescens grows in "damp, temporarily dry areas, thin-peated mires, thickets, woodlands, heaths, [and] rocky slopes" from 0 to 3500 meters in elevation (FNA 2002), and in the southeastern United States, it grows in "grassy balds, bogs, spruce-fir forests, northern hardwood forests, [and] moist rock outcrops, at moderate to high elevations" (Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest - HardwoodForest - ConiferForest - MixedWoodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedGrassland/herbaceousBare rock/talus/scree
Palustrine Habitats
TEMPORARY POOLHERBACEOUS WETLANDSCRUB-SHRUB WETLANDFORESTED WETLANDBog/fen
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
WashingtonSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
CaliforniaSNRYes
OhioS2Yes
WyomingS3Yes
North DakotaS1Yes
MontanaS3Yes
MaineSNRYes
MarylandS3Yes
New HampshireSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
OklahomaSNRYes
IllinoisS1Yes
PennsylvaniaSNRYes
MinnesotaSNRYes
West VirginiaS3Yes
AlaskaS4Yes
New YorkS5Yes
IndianaS2Yes
New JerseySNRYes
NevadaSNRYes
South DakotaSNRYes
ColoradoS4Yes
IdahoSNRYes
TennesseeSNRYes
MichiganSNRYes
VirginiaS4Yes
ConnecticutSNRYes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
UtahS1Yes
GeorgiaSHYes
North CarolinaS3Yes
VermontS5Yes
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
Prince Edward IslandS5Yes
Nova ScotiaS5Yes
New BrunswickS5Yes
AlbertaS4Yes
British ColumbiaS5Yes
SaskatchewanS4Yes
QuebecSNRYes
LabradorS5Yes
Yukon TerritoryS4Yes
ManitobaS5Yes
Northwest TerritoriesS4Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS5Yes
NunavutS4Yes
OntarioS5Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (3)
Minnesota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Phantom LakeSuperior National Forest6,521
New Hampshire (1)
AreaForestAcres
Great Gulf Ext.White Mountain National Forest15,110
North Carolina (1)
AreaForestAcres
Craggy MountainPisgah National Forest2,657
References (9)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 23. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 608 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  3. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. Maguilla, E., M. Escudero, M.J. Waterway, A.L. Hipp, and M. Luceño. 2015. Phylogeny, systematics, and trait evolution of <i>Carex</i> section Glareosae. American Journal of Botany 102(7):1128-1144.
  6. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  7. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  8. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).
  9. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2025. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. Edition of February 18, 2025. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Online. Available: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu (accessed 2025).