Carex plantaginea

Lam.

Plantainleaf Sedge

G5Secure Found in 34 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.142695
Element CodePMCYP03AP0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderCyperales
FamilyCyperaceae
GenusCarex
Other Common Names
Carex plantain (FR) plantainleaf sedge (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-08-12
Change Date1984-02-29
Edition Date2025-08-12
Edition AuthorsSoteropoulos (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Carex plantaginea is a wide-ranging perennial graminoid found in deciduous or mixed deciduous-evergreen forests, cove forests, and montane alluvial forests. It occurs in eastern North America from Nova Scotia west to Ontario, Canada, south to Georgia, Alabama, Illinois, and Iowa in the United States. There are over 1300 estimated occurrences, which face threats from forest management practices, development, recreational activities, and invasive species. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent and large number of occurrences, abundant habitat, and broad habitat preferences, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Carex plantaginea occurs in eastern North America from Nova Scotia west to Ontario, Canada, south to northwestern Georgia, northeastern Alabama, Illinois, and Iowa in the United States (FNA 2002, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025). Range extent was estimated to be approximately 2 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are over 1300 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
In the southeastern portion of its range, it is somewhat threatened by forest management practices, and to a lesser extent by land-use conversion and habitat fragmentation (Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project 2002). Additional rangewide threats include development, recreational activities, invasive species, and other threats in some places, though there is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand scope and severity of threats for this species (NatureServe 2025). However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range, large number of occurrences, and affinity for typically abundant habitats.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Carex plantaginea grows in rich, moist, deciduous or mixed deciduous-evergreen forests, cove forests, montane alluvial forests, on slopes along streams or along edges of moist depressions, southward in mountain gorges, mostly over mafic or calcareous rocks (FNA 2002, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest - HardwoodForest - Mixed
Palustrine Habitats
FORESTED WETLANDRiparian
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
QuebecS4Yes
OntarioS5Yes
New BrunswickS3Yes
Nova ScotiaS1Yes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
MaineSNRYes
TennesseeSNRYes
GeorgiaSNRYes
New HampshireSNRYes
IllinoisS1Yes
MassachusettsSNRYes
MichiganSNRYes
North CarolinaS3Yes
WisconsinSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
IndianaS4Yes
VirginiaS3Yes
MarylandS1Yes
KentuckyS5Yes
South CarolinaS2Yes
West VirginiaS5Yes
VermontS5Yes
New JerseyS1Yes
ConnecticutSNRYes
New YorkS5Yes
AlabamaSNRYes
OhioSNRYes
IowaS3Yes
MinnesotaS1Yes
Threat Assessments

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (34)
Kentucky (1)
AreaForestAcres
WolfpenDaniel Boone National Forest2,835
New Hampshire (6)
AreaForestAcres
Carr MountainWhite Mountain National Forest17,110
JobildunkWhite Mountain National Forest3,660
KearsargeWhite Mountain National Forest4,554
Kinsman MountainWhite Mountain National Forest8,999
PemigewassetWhite Mountain National Forest32,255
Wild RiverWhite Mountain National Forest46,878
North Carolina (8)
AreaForestAcres
Balsam ConePisgah National Forest10,591
Barkers Creek (addition)Nantahala National Forest975
Cheoah BaldNantahala National Forest7,795
Jarrett CreekPisgah National Forest7,485
SnowbirdNantahala National Forest8,489
Tusquitee BaldNantahala National Forest13,670
Wesser BaldNantahala National Forest4,061
Yellowhammer Branch (add.)Nantahala National Forest1,255
Pennsylvania (1)
AreaForestAcres
Tracy RidgeAllegheny National Forest9,034
Tennessee (3)
AreaForestAcres
Brushy RidgeCherokee National Forest7,469
Sampson Mountain AdditionCherokee National Forest3,064
Stone MountainCherokee National Forest5,367
Vermont (3)
AreaForestAcres
Bread LoafGreen Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,768
Griffith Lake 09084Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,833
Wilder Mountain 09082Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests8,759
Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Oak KnobGeorge Washington National Forest10,882
West Virginia (9)
AreaForestAcres
Cranberry AdditionMonongahela National Forest11,123
Cranberry Glades Botanical AreaMonongahela National Forest785
Dolly Sods Roaring PlainMonongahela National Forest13,392
Dry ForkMonongahela National Forest657
East Fork Of GreenbrierMonongahela National Forest7,167
Falls Of Hills CreekMonongahela National Forest6,925
Glady ForkMonongahela National Forest3,239
Mcgowan MountainMonongahela National Forest10,504
Seneca CreekMonongahela National Forest22,287
Wisconsin (2)
AreaForestAcres
09159 - ThornappleChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest9,744
09182 - Pentoga RoadChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest5,008
References (10)
  1. Dodds, J. 2022. <i>Carex plantaginea</i> Rare Plant Profile. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, State Parks, Forests and Historic Sites, State Forest Fire Service and Forestry, Office of Natural Lands Management, New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Trenton, NJ. 15 pp. [https://nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/natural/heritage/docs/carex-plantaginea-plantain-leaf-sedge.pdf]
  2. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 23. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 608 pp.
  3. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  4. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  6. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  7. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  8. Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project. 2002. A partnership between the U.S. Forest Service-Region 8, Natural Heritage Programs in the Southeast, NatureServe, and independent scientists to develop and review data on 1300+ regionally and locally rare species in the Southern Appalachian and Alabama region. Database (Access 97) provided to the U.S. Forest Service by NatureServe, Durham, North Carolina.
  9. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).
  10. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2025. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. Edition of February 18, 2025. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Online. Available: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu (accessed 2025).