Chamaedaphne calyculata

(L.) Moench

Leatherleaf

G5Secure Found in 25 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.152623
Element CodePDERI08010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderEricales
FamilyEricaceae
GenusChamaedaphne
Synonyms
Cassandra calyculata(L.) D. Don
Other Common Names
Cassandre caliculé (FR) leatherleaf (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
According to Weakley et al. (2022), "A number of varieties have been named ... The validity of the varieties is doubtful (pending more careful study), and for now we regard this as a species lacking taxonomically recognizable varieties." FNA (vol. 8, 2009) does not recognize subspecific taxa. The genus name Chamaedaphne has been nomenclaturally conserved; the genus containing these plants has sometimes been called Cassandra instead.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-09-26
Change Date1983-09-06
Edition Date2024-09-26
Edition AuthorsJohnson, J. (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Chamaedaphne calyculata is a shrub native to boreal forests and coniferous wetlands in northern and eastern North America and Eurasia. Threats to this species include development, recreation, water pollution (including nutrient runoff, sedimentation), invasive species, alteration of hydrology, beaver dam construction, woody plant encroachment, peat mining, and other threats in some places. With a large range extent, more than 600 occurrences, abundant habitat, broad habitat preferences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Chamaedaphne calyculata has a circumboreal distribution. In North America, it is found from Alaska east to Newfoundland and St. Pierre &Miquelon. It's range extends southward in the eastern United States to South Carolina. Historic reports exist from Iowa and Georgia but are not confirmed by herbarium specimens. Range extent was estimated using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Occurrences Comments
Chamaedaphne calyculata is rare in the southern part of its distribution but abundant farther north. By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium records and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024, there are estimated to be more than 1000 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Chamaedaphne calyculata is threatened by development, recreation, water pollution (including nutrient runoff, sedimentation), invasive species, alteration of hydrology, beaver dam construction, woody plant encroachment, peat mining, and other threats in some places (NatureServe 2024). There is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand the scope and severity of threats for this taxon. However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range, large number of occurrences, tolerance of light disturbance, and affinity for typically abundant habitats, as well as no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Chamaedaphne calyculata grows in boreal and subarctic peatlands, the margins of boggy swamps and streams in coniferous forests, and pocosins in coastal plains, often forming dense thickets (FNA 2009).

Ecology

Isolated occurrences at the southern edge of its range may represent relicts of a wider Pleistocene distribution (FNA 2009).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest - Conifer
Palustrine Habitats
SCRUB-SHRUB WETLANDFORESTED WETLANDBog/fenRiparian
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
ConnecticutSNRYes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
VermontS5Yes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
OhioS3Yes
DelawareSHYes
MarylandS1Yes
IllinoisS2Yes
MaineSNRYes
West VirginiaSNRYes
IndianaS2Yes
AlaskaSNRYes
MinnesotaSNRYes
New JerseyS5Yes
South CarolinaS3Yes
North CarolinaS3Yes
WisconsinSNRYes
New HampshireSNRYes
New YorkS5Yes
IowaSNRYes
MichiganSNRYes
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
LabradorS5Yes
QuebecS5Yes
SaskatchewanS4Yes
Yukon TerritoryS4Yes
Northwest TerritoriesS4Yes
Nova ScotiaS5Yes
NunavutS3Yes
ManitobaS5Yes
OntarioS5Yes
New BrunswickS5Yes
British ColumbiaS4Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS5Yes
AlbertaS4Yes
Prince Edward IslandS4Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentUnknownUnknownUnknown
3 - Energy production & miningUnknownUnknownUnknown
3.2 - Mining & quarryingUnknownUnknownUnknown
6 - Human intrusions & disturbanceUnknownUnknownUnknown
6.1 - Recreational activitiesUnknownUnknownUnknown
7 - Natural system modificationsUnknownUnknownUnknown
7.1 - Fire & fire suppressionUnknownUnknownUnknown
7.1.2 - Suppression in fire frequency/intensityUnknownUnknownUnknown
7.2 - Dams & water management/useUnknownUnknownUnknown
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesUnknownUnknownUnknown
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesUnknownUnknownUnknown
8.1.1 - Unspecified speciesUnknownUnknownUnknown
8.2 - Problematic native species/diseasesUnknownUnknownUnknown
8.2.2 - Named speciesUnknownUnknownUnknown
9 - PollutionUnknownUnknownUnknown
9.3 - Agricultural & forestry effluentsUnknownUnknownUnknown
9.3.1 - Nutrient loadsUnknownUnknownUnknown
9.3.2 - Soil erosion, sedimentationUnknownUnknownUnknown

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (25)
Alaska (2)
AreaForestAcres
Chugach-12Chugach National Forest8,116
Chugach-13Chugach National Forest13,337
Maine (1)
AreaForestAcres
Caribou - Speckled ExtWhite Mountain National Forest5,988
Minnesota (6)
AreaForestAcres
Baker - Homer - Brule LakesSuperior National Forest6,712
Brule Lake - Eagle MountainSuperior National Forest12,380
Cabin CreekSuperior National Forest6,071
Hegman LakesSuperior National Forest675
Kawishiwi Lake To SawbillSuperior National Forest15,305
Phantom LakeSuperior National Forest6,521
New Hampshire (7)
AreaForestAcres
KilkennyWhite Mountain National Forest28,766
Kinsman MountainWhite Mountain National Forest8,999
Mt. Wolf - Gordon PondWhite Mountain National Forest11,846
PemigewassetWhite Mountain National Forest32,255
Pemigewasset ExtWhite Mountain National Forest15,840
Presidential - Dry River ExtWhite Mountain National Forest10,555
Sandwich RangeWhite Mountain National Forest16,797
North Carolina (2)
AreaForestAcres
Catfish Lake NorthCroatan National Forest11,299
Pond Pine BCroatan National Forest2,961
Vermont (5)
AreaForestAcres
Devil's Den 09083Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests9,169
Griffith Lake 09084Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,833
Lye Brook Addition 09085Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,111
Wilder Mountain 09082Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests8,759
Woodford 09086Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests2,456
Wisconsin (2)
AreaForestAcres
09011 - Flynn Lake Study AreaChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest5,951
09012 - Round Lake Study AreaChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest3,707
References (4)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2009. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 8. Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae. Oxford University Press, New York. xxiv + 585 pp.
  2. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  3. NatureServe. 2024. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  4. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2022. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of April 24, 2022. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2022 pp.