(L.) Pojark.
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.154882
Element CodePDASTDX010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderAsterales
FamilyAsteraceae
GenusHasteola
SynonymsCacalia suaveolensL.Senecio suaveolens(Linnaeus) ElliotSynosma suaveolens(L.) Raf. ex Britt.
Other Common Namesfalse Indian plantain (EN) False Indian-plantain (EN)
Concept ReferenceKartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic CommentsThis plant has been treated in most references in the past as Cacalia suaveolens. The genus name Cacalia was recommended for nomenclatural rejection by the Committee on Spermatophyta (Taxon 47: 444, 1998), due to its history of varied and contradictory usage; thus all plants formerly classified in Cacalia are now be reclassified into other genera. The Florida plants have recently been treated as the separate species Hasteola robertiorum, with H. suaveolens (=Synosma suaveolens) occurring only northward (see L.C. Anderson, Syst. Bot. 19: 211-219, 1994, Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2006); this change happened too recently to be addressed in the 1994 Kartesz checklist but is accepted by Kartesz in his 1999 Floristic Synthesis, in which Kartesz treats both of these species in the genus Hasteola, rather than Synosma (or Cacalia).
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-06-04
Change Date2006-10-02
Edition Date2024-06-04
Edition AuthorsS.L.Neid, MRO (1997), rev. L. Morse (2000), rev. C. Nordman (2024).
Threat ImpactLow
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank ReasonsHasteola suaveolens occurs in the eastern United States from Connecticut to southern Minnesota south to North Carolina, Tennessee and Missouri. It is widely but irregularly distributed, yet rare or uncommon in most states in its range. It is declining due to habitat loss, and habitat degradation due to invasive plants. It occur on several National Forests, on National Park Service land, and on some State Parks and State Wildlife Management Areas.
Range Extent CommentsHasteola suaveolens occurs in the eastern United States from Connecticut to southern Minnesota south to North Carolina, Tennessee and Missouri. It is introduced in Rhode Island (Anderson 1994). North Carolina and Virginia populations are disjunct from the rest of the range (Sutherland 1988). Range extent was estimated to be 1.25 million square kilometers, using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1993 and 2024 (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2006, GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024, Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team 2023).
Occurrences CommentsHasteola suaveolens is uncommon throughout its range but rare at the periphery. By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are over 300 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact CommentsBoth loss of habitat and environmental degradation threaten Hasteola suaveolens (Coffin and Pfannmuller 1988), and it is especially threatened by invasive exotic plants (Sharp 2001, Williams 2010).