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Osmundastrum cinnamomeum

(L.) C. Presl

Cinnamon Fern

G5Secure Found in 99 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.142663
Element CodePPOSM01010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumFilicinophyta
ClassFilicopsida
OrderFilicales
FamilyOsmundaceae
GenusOsmundastrum
Synonyms
Osmunda cinnamomeaL.
Other Common Names
cinnamon fern (EN) Osmonde cannelle (FR)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
Metzger et al. (2008) show that Osmunda is paraphyletic and recognize this species as Osmundastrum cinnamomeum, which is maintained by Sylvestre et al. (2022). In contrast, FNA (1993, vol. 2) and Kartesz (1994, 1999) recognize Osmunda cinnamomea. The generic placement of this taxon is in accordance with the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group I (2016).
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-09-16
Change Date1984-06-11
Edition Date2024-09-16
Edition AuthorsN. Ventrella (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Osmunda cinnamomea is a fern occurring in bogs, peatlands, wet savannas, vernal seeps, swamps, marshes, floodplains, and other moist areas, on acidic soils of North America, Mexico, the West Indies, Central America, South America, and Asia. There are over 600 occurrences of this species, which are likely threatened by development, alteration of hydrology, erosion, succession, invasive species, drought, and other threats in some places. Little is known about threats or trends, but with a large range extent, a high number of occurrences, abundant habitat, broad habitat preferences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, Osmunda cinnamomea is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Osmunda cinnamomea is a widespread species, with a native range in North America, Mexico, the West Indies, Central America, South America, and Asia (FNA 1993, POWO 2024). In North America it occurs from Ontario east to New Brunswick, Canada, and Maine south to Florida, west to Texas, and north to Minnesota in the United States (FNA 1993). Range extent was estimated to be 114 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium records and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024, there are estimated to be over 600 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Osmunda cinnamomea is likely threatened by development, alteration of hydrology, erosion, succession, invasive species, drought, and other threats in some places, though there is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand scope and severity of threats for this species.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

In North America, Osmunda cinnamomea occurs in bogs, peatlands, wet savannas, vernal seeps, swamps, marshes, floodplains, and other moist areas, on acidic soils (FNA 1993, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2024).

Reproduction

Sporulation occurs in spring to early summer (FNA 1993).
Terrestrial Habitats
Savanna
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDFORESTED WETLANDBog/fenRiparian
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
MississippiS5Yes
West VirginiaS5Yes
New HampshireSNRYes
ConnecticutSNRYes
OklahomaSNRYes
VermontS5Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
TexasSNRYes
VirginiaS5Yes
MissouriSNRYes
ArkansasSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
South CarolinaS5Yes
KentuckyS5Yes
FloridaS4Yes
New JerseySNRYes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
IndianaSNRYes
MichiganSNRYes
MarylandSNRYes
IowaS1Yes
IllinoisS3Yes
TennesseeSNRYes
MaineSNRYes
OhioSNRYes
New YorkS5Yes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
LouisianaSNRYes
AlabamaSNRYes
DelawareSNRYes
GeorgiaS5Yes
North CarolinaS5Yes
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
Prince Edward IslandS5Yes
New BrunswickS5Yes
LabradorS2Yes
Nova ScotiaS5Yes
QuebecS5Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS5Yes
OntarioS5Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined———

—

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (99)
Alabama (3)
AreaForestAcres
Blue MountainTalladega National Forest4,986
Oakey MountainTalladega National Forest6,129
Reed BrakeTalladega National Forest621
Arkansas (2)
AreaForestAcres
Brush HeapOuachita National Forest4,205
Gee CreekOzark-St. Francis National Forest7,957
Florida (5)
AreaForestAcres
Alexander Springs CreekOcala National Forest2,954
Clear LakeApalachicola National Forest5,592
Farles PrairieOcala National Forest1,901
Gum BayApalachicola National Forest11,645
Long BayApalachicola National Forest5,726
Georgia (6)
AreaForestAcres
Helton CreekChattahoochee National Forest2,348
Indian Grave GapChattahoochee National Forest1,020
Kelly RidgeChattahoochee National Forest8,325
Lance CreekChattahoochee National Forest9,025
Pink KnobChattahoochee National Forest12,127
Rocky MountainChattahoochee National Forest4,269
Illinois (1)
AreaForestAcres
Burke BranchShawnee National Forest6,231
Kentucky (1)
AreaForestAcres
WolfpenDaniel Boone National Forest2,835
Louisiana (1)
AreaForestAcres
Saline Bayou W & S River CorridorKisatchie National Forest5,355
Maine (1)
AreaForestAcres
Caribou - Speckled ExtWhite Mountain National Forest5,988
Minnesota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Hegman LakesSuperior National Forest675
New Hampshire (10)
AreaForestAcres
Carr MountainWhite Mountain National Forest17,110
Dartmouth RangeWhite Mountain National Forest9,233
Great Gulf Ext.White Mountain National Forest15,110
JobildunkWhite Mountain National Forest3,660
KilkennyWhite Mountain National Forest28,766
Kinsman MountainWhite Mountain National Forest8,999
PemigewassetWhite Mountain National Forest32,255
Presidential - Dry River ExtWhite Mountain National Forest10,555
Sandwich RangeWhite Mountain National Forest16,797
Wild RiverWhite Mountain National Forest46,878
North Carolina (16)
AreaForestAcres
Bald MountainPisgah National Forest11,085
BearwallowPisgah National Forest4,113
Boteler PeakNantahala National Forest4,205
Cheoah BaldNantahala National Forest7,795
Graveyard Ridge (addition)Pisgah National Forest1,958
Harper CreekPisgah National Forest7,325
Jarrett CreekPisgah National Forest7,485
Laurel MountainPisgah National Forest5,683
Linville Gorge AdditionPisgah National Forest2,809
Little Indian (addition)Nantahala National Forest640
Lost CovePisgah National Forest5,944
Mackey MountainPisgah National Forest5,934
Overflow CreekNantahala National Forest3,379
Pond Pine BCroatan National Forest2,961
Sam Knob (addition)Pisgah National Forest2,576
South Mills RiverPisgah National Forest8,588
Pennsylvania (3)
AreaForestAcres
Allegheny FrontAllegheny National Forest7,430
Minister ValleyAllegheny National Forest1,417
Tracy RidgeAllegheny National Forest9,034
South Carolina (1)
AreaForestAcres
Big MountainSumter National Forest2,337
Tennessee (7)
AreaForestAcres
Bald MountainCherokee National Forest11,743
Big Frog AdditionCherokee National Forest369
Flint Mill GapCherokee National Forest9,494
Rogers RidgeCherokee National Forest4,738
Slide HollowCherokee National Forest4,057
Stone MountainCherokee National Forest5,367
Upper Bald RiverCherokee National Forest9,202
Vermont (5)
AreaForestAcres
Bread LoafGreen Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,768
Devil's Den 09083Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests9,169
Griffith Lake 09084Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,833
Wilder Mountain 09082Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests8,759
Woodford 09086Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests2,456
Virginia (22)
AreaForestAcres
Adams PeakGeorge Washington National Forest7,135
Bear CreekJefferson National Forest18,274
Beards MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,505
Hunting Camp Little Wolf CreekJefferson National Forest8,953
JerkemtightGeorge Washington National Forest16,687
Kelley MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,590
Laurel ForkGeorge Washington National Forest9,967
Little Dry Run AdditionJefferson National Forest2,204
Little RiverGeorge Washington National Forest27,292
Little Wilson Creek Addition BJefferson National Forest1,725
Mountain Lake Addition CJefferson National Forest494
Mt. PleasantGeorge Washington National Forest8,933
New London Bridge BranchJefferson National Forest844
North Fork PoundJefferson National Forest4,757
North MountainJefferson National Forest8,377
Northern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest9,444
Oak KnobGeorge Washington National Forest10,882
Peters Mountain Addition BJefferson National Forest2,909
Seng MountainJefferson National Forest6,428
SkidmoreGeorge Washington National Forest5,641
Southern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest11,985
The PriestGeorge Washington National Forest5,737
West Virginia (11)
AreaForestAcres
Canaan LoopMonongahela National Forest7,867
Cheat MountainMonongahela National Forest8,191
Cranberry AdditionMonongahela National Forest11,123
Cranberry Glades Botanical AreaMonongahela National Forest785
Dolly Sods Roaring PlainMonongahela National Forest13,392
Falls Of Hills CreekMonongahela National Forest6,925
Glady ForkMonongahela National Forest3,239
Laurel ForkMonongahela National Forest1,172
Little MountainMonongahela National Forest8,172
Seneca CreekMonongahela National Forest22,287
Tea Creek MountainMonongahela National Forest8,295
Wisconsin (3)
AreaForestAcres
09154 - St. Peters DomeChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest4,002
09161 - Gates LakeChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest5,255
09162 - MooseChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest6,161
References (11)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 1993a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 2. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xvi + 475 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  3. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1999. State/Province endemic plants as recorded in: A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
  6. Metzgar, J.S., Skog, J.E., Zimmer, E.A. and K.M. Pryer. 2008. The paraphyly of <i>Osmunda </i>is confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of seven plastid loci. Systematic Botany, 33(1): 31-36.
  7. Plants of the World Online (POWO). 2024. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Online. Available: https://powo.science.kew.org/ (accessed 2024).
  8. Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group I. 2016. A Community-Derived Classification for Extant Lycophytes and Ferns. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54(6): 563–603.
  9. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).
  10. Sylvestre, L.D.S., Costa, F.S.N. and M.D. Arana. 2022. A revision of the fern family Osmundaceae in Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 36:e2020abb0537.
  11. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of March 4, 2024. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2203 pp.