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Eleocharis acicularis

(L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes

Least Spikerush

G5Secure Found in 3 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1347997
Element CodePMCYP092X0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderCyperales
FamilyCyperaceae
GenusEleocharis
Other Common Names
Éléocharide aciculaire (FR) Needle Spikerush (EN) needle spikerush (EN)
Concept Reference
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 23. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 608 pp.
Taxonomic Comments
This record represents Eleocharis acicularis in the narrow sense not including E. reverchonii following FNA (vol. 23, 2002). In contrast, Kartesz (1994) included E. reverchonii in E. acicularis var. acicularis. Another difference between FNA (vol. 23, 2002) and Kartesz (1994) is that FNA (vol. 23, 2002) does not recognize infrataxa in E. acicularis, while Kartesz (1994) recognized three varieties (var. acicularis, var. gracilescens, and var. submersa).
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-07-14
Change Date1984-04-24
Edition Date2025-07-14
Edition AuthorsJohnson, J. (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Eleocharis acicularis has a nearly global distribution in North and South America, Eurasia, and northern Africa. With a broad range, large number of occurrences, and a preference for widespread habitats, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Eleocharis acicularis has a nearly global distribution in North and South America, Eurasia, and northern Africa (FNA 2002, POWO 2025). Range extent was estimated using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are thousands of occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Eleocharis acicularis is potentially threatened by development, water management, invasive species, and other threats in some places. However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range, large number of occurrences, tolerance of light disturbance, and affinity for typically abundant habitats, as well as no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Eleocharis acicularis grows in "bare, wet soil or in fresh (rarely brackish) lakes, ponds, vernal pools, meadows, springs, [and] disturbed places" (FNA 2002).

Ecology

"Eleocharis acicularis is abundant and ecologically important throughout much of its range. It occurs in a wide variety of habitats, including acid waters" (FNA 2002).
Palustrine Habitats
TEMPORARY POOLHERBACEOUS WETLANDRiparian
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
MichiganSNRYes
New HampshireSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
South CarolinaS3Yes
OregonSNRYes
KansasS3Yes
ArizonaS4Yes
New MexicoSNRYes
MississippiS4Yes
WisconsinSNRYes
NevadaS3Yes
FloridaSNRYes
WashingtonSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
VirginiaS5Yes
New JerseySNRYes
ColoradoS4Yes
TexasSNRYes
MinnesotaSNRYes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
DelawareS4Yes
MissouriSNRYes
LouisianaSNRYes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
ArkansasSNRYes
North DakotaSNRYes
OhioS5Yes
MarylandSNRYes
North CarolinaS2Yes
UtahSNRYes
ConnecticutSNRYes
VermontS5Yes
TennesseeSNRYes
IllinoisS3Yes
MaineSNRYes
OklahomaSNRYes
New YorkS5Yes
WyomingS4Yes
IndianaSNRYes
GeorgiaS4Yes
South DakotaSNRYes
KentuckyS5Yes
West VirginiaS4Yes
NebraskaS5Yes
AlabamaSNRYes
MontanaSNRYes
CaliforniaSNRYes
IowaS4Yes
AlaskaSNRYes
IdahoSNRYes
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
Prince Edward IslandS3Yes
OntarioS5Yes
SaskatchewanS4Yes
QuebecS5Yes
ManitobaS5Yes
AlbertaS5Yes
New BrunswickS5Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS3Yes
LabradorS3Yes
Northwest TerritoriesS4Yes
NunavutS4Yes
Nova ScotiaS5Yes
British ColumbiaS5Yes
Yukon TerritoryS5Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undeterminedUnknownUnknownUnknown

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Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (3)
Oregon (2)
AreaForestAcres
DoneganUmpqua National Forest5,914
Jackson Creek AppendageUmpqua National Forest4,673
Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Kelley MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,590
References (7)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 23. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 608 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  3. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. Plants of the World Online (POWO). 2025. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Online. Available: https://powo.science.kew.org/ (accessed 2025).
  6. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  7. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).