Scleria triglomerata

Michx.

Whip Nutrush

G5Secure Found in 2 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
LowThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.133750
Element CodePMCYP0R0R0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderCyperales
FamilyCyperaceae
GenusScleria
Other Common Names
Sclérie à trois glomérules (FR) whip nutrush (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
Scleria flaccida and S. nitida are here included in S. triglomerata, following Kartesz (1994, 1999) and Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2002).
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-04-03
Change Date1988-08-10
Edition Date2024-04-03
Edition AuthorsMacBryde, B., rev. M.E. Stover (1995), rev. C. Nordman (2024).
Threat ImpactLow
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Scleria triglomerata is widespread in eastern North America and grows in a variety of habitats. It is common in the Southeastern United States (including Florida), uncommon or local in the northern portions of its range. It may be threatened by invasive exotic plants. It occurs on National Forests, National Parks, National Wildlife Refuges, State Forests, State Parks and other conservation lands.
Range Extent Comments
Scleria triglomerata occurs in eastern North America, in southern Ontario, the eastern United States from Massachusetts south to Florida, west to Minnesota, Nebraska, and Texas, and in Puerto Rico and Nuevo León in northeastern Mexico. Range extent was estimated to be 4.0 million square kilometers, using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024 (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2002, GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, Kartesz 1999, SEINet 2024, Villaseñor 2016).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium records and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are more than 300 occurrences of Scleria triglomerata rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Invasive exotic plants are a threat and in Ohio, Scleria triglomerata may be threatened by the overgrowth of woody species due to succession (McCance and Burns 1984).
Ecology & Habitat

Diagnostic Characteristics

Hypogynium obviously present, covered with a rough white crust, not tuberculate; leaves 3-9 mm wide; achenes smooth, 2-3 mm long. S. minor is generally smaller, with leaves 1-2.5 mm wide and achenes 1.5-2 mm long. S. oligantha has the hypogynium yellowish rather than white, and supporting 8-9 small, round, granulose-spiculose tubercles. Shaded individuals of S. triglomerata may be distinguishable from S. oligantha only by the mature achenes. (Fairey 1967, Godfrey and Wooten 1981)

Habitat

Scleria triglomerata occurs in a variety of dry to wet, open to partly open situations, often on sandy soil: pine lands, pine barrens, savannas, thickets, open woods, wood borders, meadows, fields, prairie, marsh borders, swamps (the last only listed for "Scleria flaccida"), Sphagnum bogs (listed for Pennsylvania only). (Fairey 1967, Fernald 1950, Gleason and Cronquist 1991, Godfrey and Wooten 1981, Hough 1983, McCance and Burns 1984, Radford et al. 1968, Read 1976, Rhoads and Klein 1993, Voss 1985). It occurs at 0 - 900 meters elevation (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2002). When S. nitida is treated as a separate species its habitat is listed as usually dry (Hough 1983, Gleason 1952, Fernald 1950); when S. flaccida is treated as a separate species, its habitat is listed as wet or damp (Fernald 1950). Some authors consider S. minor to be a variety of this species; it is found in damp to wet situations similar to the above, and also bogs (Fairey 1967, Radford et al. 1968).

Reproduction

Pistillate and staminate spikes generally mixed within a given inflorescence. Virtually all Cyperaceae are wind-pollinated. The seeds have been found in the stomachs of various birds (Ridley 1930); they are thus probably distributed on birds' feet or feathers.
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandWoodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferSavannaGrassland/herbaceous
Palustrine Habitats
FORESTED WETLAND
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN1
ProvinceRankNative
OntarioS1Yes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
WisconsinS2Yes
Rhode IslandS1Yes
MarylandS3Yes
KentuckyS4Yes
DelawareS2Yes
FloridaS5Yes
IndianaSNRYes
IllinoisS3Yes
AlabamaSNRYes
TennesseeSNRYes
IowaS3Yes
North CarolinaS4Yes
District of ColumbiaSHYes
TexasSNRYes
MississippiS4Yes
NebraskaS1Yes
MinnesotaS1Yes
VirginiaS5Yes
OklahomaSNRYes
New JerseyS4Yes
ConnecticutS1Yes
West VirginiaS2Yes
MassachusettsS1Yes
New YorkS1Yes
OhioS3Yes
MissouriS5Yes
LouisianaSNRYes
MichiganS3Yes
GeorgiaSNRYes
ArkansasSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS1Yes
KansasS5Yes
South CarolinaS5Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL, SUMMER-FLOWERING, FALL-FLOWERING
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (2)
Florida (1)
AreaForestAcres
Alexander Springs CreekOcala National Forest2,954
Illinois (1)
AreaForestAcres
Burke BranchShawnee National Forest6,231
References (24)
  1. Argus, G.W., and D.J. White, eds. 1982. Atlas of the rare vascular plants of Ontario. Part 1. National Museum Natural Science, Ottawa.
  2. Fairey, J. E., III. 1967. The genus <i>Scleria </i>in the southeastern United States. Castanea 32(1):37-71.
  3. Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. 8th edition. Corrected printing (1970). D. Van Nostrand Company, New York. 1632 pp.
  4. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 23. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 608 pp.
  5. Gleason, H.A. 1952. The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 3 volumes. Hafner Press, New York. 1732 pp.
  6. Gleason, H.A., and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. 910 pp.
  7. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  8. Godfrey, R.K., and J.W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic and wetland plants of southeastern United States: Monocotyledons. Univ. Georgia Press, Athens. 712 pp.
  9. Godfrey, R.K., and J.W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and wetland plants of southeastern United States: Dicotyledons. Univ. Georgia Press, Athens. 933 pp.
  10. Hough, M.Y. 1983. New Jersey wild plants. Harmony Press, Harmony, NJ. 414 pp.
  11. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  12. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  13. Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
  14. McCance, R.M., Jr., and J.F. Burns, eds. 1984. Ohio endangered and threatened vascular plants: Abstracts of state-listed taxa. Division Natural Areas and Preserves, Ohio Dept. Natural Resources, Columbus. 635 pp.
  15. Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles, and C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Univ. North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. 1183 pp.
  16. Read, R.H. 1976. Endangered and threatened vascular plants of Wisconsin. Technical Bull. No. 92, Scientific Areas Preservation Council, Dept. Natural Resources, Madison, WI. 58 pp.
  17. Rhoads, A.F., and W.M. Klein, Jr. 1993. The vascular flora of Pennsylvania: Annotated checklist and atlas. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, PA. 636 pp.
  18. Ridley, H.N. 1930. The dispersal of plants throughout the world. L. Reeve & Co., Ltd., Ashford, Kent, United Kingdom. 744 pp.
  19. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).
  20. Villaseñor, J.L. 2016. Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559-902.
  21. Voss, E.G. 1972. Michigan flora: A guide to the identification and occurrence of the native and naturalized seed-plants of the state. Part I. Gymnosperms and monocots. Cranbrook Institute of Science and Univ. Michigan Herbarium. Ann Arbor. 488 pp.
  22. Weakley, A.S. 2000. Flora of the Carolinas and Virginia: working draft of May 15, 2000. Unpublished draft, The Nature Conservancy, Southern Resource Office.
  23. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2023. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of April 14, 2023. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2105 pp.
  24. Wunderlin, R.P. 1998. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida. University Press of Florida: Gainesville, Florida. 806 pp.