Bromus ciliatus

L.

Fringed Brome

G5Secure Found in 13 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.740623
Element CodePMPOA15210
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderCyperales
FamilyPoaceae
GenusBromus
Other Common Names
Brome cilié (FR) fringed brome (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
Taxonomic Comments
This is the record for Bromus ciliatus in the broad sense. Kartesz 1999 lumps material from B. canadensis, B. ramosus in part, and B. ciliatus (as treated by Kartesz 1994) to form a new broader treatment of B. ciliatus. Bromus ciliatus var. intonus was included in the synonymy of B. ramosus in Kartesz 1994. In Kartesz 1999, B. ciliatus var. intonus is included in the synonymy of B. ciliatus var. ciliatus.

FNA, 2007 (vol. 24) elevates Bromus ciliatus var. richardsonii (= B. richardsonii) to full species, therefore according to FNA, Kartesz's (1994) B. ciliatus var. ciliatus is equivalent to B. ciliatus.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-07-07
Change Date1984-02-16
Edition Date2025-07-07
Edition AuthorsJohnson, J. (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Bromus ciliatus is a perennial grass that grows in wetland margins throughout most of North America except for the southeastern United States, where it is rare and restricted to mountainous areas. With a broad distribution, preference for varied and abundant habitat, and a large number of occurrences, this taxon is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Bromus ciliatus is found across much of North America from boreal Canada to central Mexico, except in the southeastern United States where it is rare and restricted to mountainous areas (FNA 2007, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025). It is also found along the eastern coast of Asia and as far south as South Korea (GBIF 2025). Range extent was estimated using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are more than 1200 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025). Due to different treatments of this entity, herbarium records and photo-based observations may under-represent the true abundance.
Threat Impact Comments
In the southeastern United States, where this taxon is rare, it is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation and to a lesser degree by forest management practices (Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project 2002). In the remainder of its range, threats to this species are not documented but may include development, grazing, and water diversion or impoundment.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Bromus ciliatus grows in damp meadows, thickets, prairies, woods, mixed and hardwood forests, wetland edges, and stream banks (FNA 2007, Chayka 2025).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandShrubland/chaparralGrassland/herbaceous
Palustrine Habitats
Riparian
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
North DakotaSNRYes
IdahoSNRYes
ColoradoS4Yes
VirginiaS1Yes
OhioSNRYes
New YorkS5Yes
TennesseeSHYes
IowaS3Yes
New JerseySNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
MaineSNRYes
North CarolinaS1Yes
NebraskaS3Yes
South DakotaSNRYes
OregonSNRYes
TexasSNRYes
NevadaS2Yes
PennsylvaniaS4Yes
New MexicoSNRYes
ArizonaSNRYes
VermontS5Yes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
New HampshireSNRYes
ConnecticutSNRYes
WyomingS5Yes
UtahSNRYes
West VirginiaS4Yes
IndianaS3Yes
CaliforniaSNRYes
AlaskaSNRYes
MontanaS4Yes
IllinoisS5Yes
MarylandSHYes
MichiganSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
MinnesotaSNRYes
WashingtonSNRYes
CanadaNNR
ProvinceRankNative
New BrunswickSNRYes
OntarioS5Yes
Yukon TerritorySNRYes
Northwest TerritoriesS4Yes
Prince Edward IslandSNRYes
SaskatchewanS4Yes
QuebecS5Yes
AlbertaS5Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS5Yes
LabradorS4Yes
British ColumbiaS5Yes
ManitobaSNRYes
Nova ScotiaSNRYes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
5 - Biological resource useSmall (1-10%)UnknownModerate (short-term)
5.3 - Logging & wood harvestingSmall (1-10%)UnknownModerate (short-term)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (13)
Arizona (1)
AreaForestAcres
Black River CanyonApache-Sitgreaves National Forests11,817
California (2)
AreaForestAcres
North LakeInyo National Forest2,406
Table Mtn.Inyo National Forest4,215
Colorado (1)
AreaForestAcres
San MiguelSan Juan NF64,263
Michigan (1)
AreaForestAcres
Norwich Plains Revised Roadless AreaOttawa National Forest4,360
Montana (1)
AreaForestAcres
Big Snowy Mountains WsaLewis and Clark National Forest88,003
New Mexico (3)
AreaForestAcres
Pecos WS RiverSanta Fe National Forest5,396
Sawyers PeakGila National Forest59,743
South Guadalupe MountainsLincoln National Forest20,930
Washington (3)
AreaForestAcres
Abercrombie - HooknoseColville National Forest33,862
Bald SnowColville National Forest23,198
Salmo - Priest BColville National Forest11,869
Wyoming (1)
AreaForestAcres
Middle ForkShoshone National Forest51,772
References (11)
  1. Chayka, K. 2025. Minnesota Wildflowers. https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info
  2. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2007a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 24. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 1. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxviii + 911 pp.
  3. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  4. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  6. Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
  7. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  8. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  9. Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project. 2002. A partnership between the U.S. Forest Service-Region 8, Natural Heritage Programs in the Southeast, NatureServe, and independent scientists to develop and review data on 1300+ regionally and locally rare species in the Southern Appalachian and Alabama region. Database (Access 97) provided to the U.S. Forest Service by NatureServe, Durham, North Carolina.
  10. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).
  11. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2025. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. Edition of February 18, 2025. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Online. Available: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu (accessed 2025).