Arctous alpina

(L.) Niedenzu

Alpine Manzanita

G5Secure Found in 8 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.142096
Element CodePDERI04020
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderEricales
FamilyEricaceae
GenusArctous
Synonyms
Arctostaphylos alpina(L.) Spreng.Arctous alpinus(L.) Niedenzu
Other Common Names
Alpine Bearberry (EN) alpine bearberry (EN) Black Bearberry (EN) Busserole alpine (FR)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
This record is for the narrow treatment of Arctous alpina, excluding A. rubra as a distinct species, as recognized by Tucker's treatment in FNA (2009, vol. 8) and Brouillet et al. (2024). It was also recognized in this narrow sense by Kartesz (1994 and 1999), but in the genus Arctostaphylos.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-11-05
Change Date1984-02-09
Edition Date2024-11-05
Edition AuthorsN. Ventrella (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Arctous alpina is a widespread circumboreal shrub occurring on gravely beach ridges, heaths, open coniferous woods, arctic, and alpine tundra of North America, Greenland, northern Europe, and Asia. There are over 5,000 occurrences of this species, which are potentially threatened by development, invasive species, climate change, rights-of-way maintenance, recreation, and other threats in some places. Little is known about threats or trends, but with a large range extent, high number of occurrences, abundant habitat, broad habitat preferences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, Arctous alpina is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Arctous alpina is widespread in boreal and arctic habitats of North America, Greenland, northern Europe, and Asia (FNA 2009). In North America, it occurs throughout Alaska and all of Canada (except Saskatchewan), and in Maine and New Hampshire in the United States. Range extent was estimated using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium records and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024, there are estimated to be over 5,000 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Arctous alpina is likely threatened by recreation (hikers), development, invasive species, climate change, rights-of-way maintenance, recreation, and other threats in some places. There is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand scope and severity of threats for this taxon.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

In North America, Arctous alpina occurs in "tundra, gravelly beach ridges, lichen heaths, open, boggy, coniferous woods, dry, wind-swept and snow-free fellfields in arctic and alpine tundra" (FNA 2009).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandAlpineTundra
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN1
ProvinceRankNative
MaineS1Yes
AlaskaS5Yes
New HampshireS1Yes
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
British ColumbiaS5Yes
OntarioS4Yes
NunavutS4Yes
ManitobaS3Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS4Yes
Yukon TerritoryS5Yes
QuebecS4Yes
LabradorS5Yes
Northwest TerritoriesS5Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (8)
Alaska (4)
AreaForestAcres
Fidalgo-GravinaChugach National Forest257,968
Johnson PassChugach National Forest152,508
ResurrectionChugach National Forest224,615
Roaded DonutChugach National Forest968
New Hampshire (4)
AreaForestAcres
Dartmouth RangeWhite Mountain National Forest9,233
Great Gulf Ext.White Mountain National Forest15,110
Presidential - Dry River ExtWhite Mountain National Forest10,555
Wild RiverWhite Mountain National Forest46,878
References (5)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2009. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 8. Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae. Oxford University Press, New York. xxiv + 585 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  3. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).