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Orontium aquaticum

L.

Goldenclub

G5Secure Found in 13 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.154604
Element CodePMARA0D010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderArales
FamilyAraceae
GenusOrontium
Other Common Names
goldenclub (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-07-02
Change Date1984-06-11
Edition Date2024-07-02
Edition AuthorsN. Ventrella (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Orontium aquaticum is a widespread aquatic herb occurring in lakes, streams, marshes, swamps, bogs, and along streambanks and inter-tidal shorelines of eastern North America from Massachusetts and New York south to Florida and east to Texas in the United States. It is threatened by development of wetland habitat, water diversion and pollution, invasive species, deer browse, and drought. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent, and over 1,000 occurrences, Orontium aquaticum is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Orontium aquaticum occurs in eastern North America from Massachusetts and New York south to Florida and east to Texas in the United States (FNA 2000). It is primarily a species of the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains and found less frequently in the Appalachian region (FNA 2000). Range extent was estimated to be 1.9 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are well over 1,000 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Orontium aquaticum is threatened by development of wetland habitat, water diversion and pollution, invasive species, deer browse, drought, and other threats in some places (NatureServe 2024). Over-harvest and collection are also low-level threats to this species (Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project 2002). However, their overall impact is likely negligible given species' broad range, large number of occurrences, as well as no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Orontium aquaticum occurs in shallow waters of bogs, marshes, swamps, and streams, lakes, along streambanks, and along fresh inter-tidal shorelines (FNA 2000, Native Plant Trust 2024).
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDFORESTED WETLANDBog/fenRiparian
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
Rhode IslandS1Yes
West VirginiaS3Yes
New JerseyS4Yes
VirginiaS5Yes
South CarolinaS5Yes
North CarolinaS4Yes
MassachusettsS1Yes
New YorkS2Yes
TennesseeSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS4Yes
MississippiSNRYes
MarylandSNRYes
KentuckyS2Yes
AlabamaSNRYes
GeorgiaSNRYes
LouisianaSNRYes
TexasSNRYes
FloridaS4Yes
ConnecticutS3Yes
DelawareS4Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentUnknownUnknownUnknown
5 - Biological resource useUnknownUnknownUnknown
5.2 - Gathering terrestrial plantsUnknownUnknownUnknown
7 - Natural system modificationsUnknownUnknownUnknown
7.2 - Dams & water management/useUnknownUnknownUnknown
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesUnknownUnknownUnknown
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesUnknownUnknownUnknown
8.1.1 - Unspecified speciesUnknownUnknownUnknown
8.2 - Problematic native species/diseasesUnknownUnknownUnknown
8.2.2 - Named speciesUnknownUnknownUnknown
9 - PollutionUnknownUnknownUnknown
9.1 - Domestic & urban waste waterUnknownUnknownUnknown
9.1.3 - Type unknown/unrecordedUnknownUnknownUnknown
11 - Climate change & severe weatherUnknownUnknownUnknown
11.2 - DroughtsUnknownUnknownUnknown

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Plant Characteristics
DurationShort-lived
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (13)
Alabama (1)
AreaForestAcres
Oakey MountainTalladega National Forest6,129
Florida (2)
AreaForestAcres
Alexander Springs CreekOcala National Forest2,954
SavannahApalachicola National Forest1,927
Georgia (2)
AreaForestAcres
Joe GapChattahoochee National Forest5,321
Patterson GapChattahoochee National Forest1,186
North Carolina (2)
AreaForestAcres
Bald MountainPisgah National Forest11,085
Catfish Lake NorthCroatan National Forest11,299
Tennessee (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bald MountainCherokee National Forest11,743
Virginia (3)
AreaForestAcres
Kelley MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,590
The PriestGeorge Washington National Forest5,737
Three RidgesGeorge Washington National Forest4,745
West Virginia (2)
AreaForestAcres
Canaan LoopMonongahela National Forest7,867
Mcgowan MountainMonongahela National Forest10,504
References (7)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2000. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 22. Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiii + 352 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  3. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. Native Plant Trust. 2024. Go Botany website. Online. Available: https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org (accessed 2024).
  6. NatureServe. 2024. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  7. Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project. 2002. A partnership between the U.S. Forest Service-Region 8, Natural Heritage Programs in the Southeast, NatureServe, and independent scientists to develop and review data on 1300+ regionally and locally rare species in the Southern Appalachian and Alabama region. Database (Access 97) provided to the U.S. Forest Service by NatureServe, Durham, North Carolina.