Cardamine concatenata

(Michx.) Sw.

Cutleaf Toothwort

G5Secure Found in 67 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129107
Element CodePDBRA0K190
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderCapparales
FamilyBrassicaceae
GenusCardamine
Synonyms
Cardamine laciniata(Muhl. ex Willd.) WoodDentaria laciniataMuhl. ex Willd.
Other Common Names
cutleaf toothwort (EN) Dentaire laciniée (FR)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-07-15
Change Date1984-04-24
Edition Date2025-07-15
Edition AuthorsGeoffrey Hall (1998), rev. N. Ventrella (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Cardamine concatenata is a perennial forb occurring in woodlands, forests, on limestone outcrops and cliffs, and rocky banks of eastern North America, from Manitoba and Quebec, Canada, south to Florida and Texas in the United States. There are over a thousand occurrences of this species rangewide, which are threatened by invasive species, recreation, logging, succession, rights-of-way construction and maintenance, trampling by livestock, and likely other threats in some places. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent, abundant habitat, and broad habitat preferences, Cardamine concatenata is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Cardamine concatenata occurs in eastern North America, from Manitoba and Quebec, Canada, south to Florida and Texas in the United States (FNA 2010). Range extent was estimated to be over 3.1 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are several thousand occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Threats to Cardamine concatenata are not well documented but include invasive species, recreation, logging, succession, rights-of-way construction and maintenance, trampling by livestock, and likely other threats in some places (NatureServe 2025). However, these threats are considered negligible given the broad range and large number of occurrences of the species.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Cardamine concatenata occurs in "wooded bottoms and bluffs, rich woods, limestone cliffs and outcrops, rocky banks, mesic forests, moist areas with leaf litter, [and] floodplain woods" from 0-1000 m in elevation (FNA 2010).

Reproduction

Cardamine concatenata produces flowers from February through May (FNA 2010).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandBare rock/talus/screeCliff
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
VermontS3Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
GeorgiaSNRYes
North CarolinaS4Yes
MissouriSNRYes
OklahomaSNRYes
AlabamaSNRYes
New YorkS5Yes
WisconsinSNRYes
New JerseyS5Yes
VirginiaS5Yes
LouisianaS3Yes
KentuckyS5Yes
West VirginiaS5Yes
MassachusettsSNRYes
TexasS1Yes
ConnecticutSNRYes
New HampshireS1Yes
FloridaSNRYes
KansasS3Yes
IowaS5Yes
IndianaS5Yes
South CarolinaSNRYes
MarylandSNRYes
MaineS1Yes
South DakotaS2Yes
North DakotaSNRYes
MississippiSNRYes
OhioSNRYes
DelawareS4Yes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
IllinoisSNRYes
TennesseeSNRYes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
ArkansasSNRYes
NebraskaS4Yes
MichiganSNRYes
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
QuebecS3Yes
New BrunswickS1Yes
OntarioS5Yes
Threat Assessments

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (67)
Arkansas (9)
AreaForestAcres
Bear MountainOuachita National Forest1,910
Blue MountainOuachita National Forest9,755
Brush HeapOuachita National Forest4,205
Clifty CanyonOzark-St. Francis National Forest1,963
Dismal CreekOzark-St. Francis National Forest9,160
East ForkOzark-St. Francis National Forest13,037
Gee CreekOzark-St. Francis National Forest7,957
PenhookOzark-St. Francis National Forest6,566
Richland CreekOzark-St. Francis National Forest571
Georgia (6)
AreaForestAcres
Boggs CreekChattahoochee National Forest2,073
Helton CreekChattahoochee National Forest2,348
Kelly RidgeChattahoochee National Forest8,325
Lance CreekChattahoochee National Forest9,025
Pink KnobChattahoochee National Forest12,127
Rocky MountainChattahoochee National Forest4,269
Idaho (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bear CreekCaribou-Targhee National Forest118,582
Illinois (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bay CreekShawnee National Forest120
Michigan (1)
AreaForestAcres
Norwich Plains Revised Roadless AreaOttawa National Forest4,360
North Carolina (12)
AreaForestAcres
Bald MountainPisgah National Forest11,085
Balsam ConePisgah National Forest10,591
Craggy MountainPisgah National Forest2,657
Jarrett CreekPisgah National Forest7,485
Laurel MountainPisgah National Forest5,683
Little Indian (addition)Nantahala National Forest640
Overflow CreekNantahala National Forest3,379
Sam Knob (addition)Pisgah National Forest2,576
South Mills RiverPisgah National Forest8,588
Wilson CreekPisgah National Forest4,863
Woods MountainPisgah National Forest9,602
Yellowhammer Branch (add.)Nantahala National Forest1,255
Oklahoma (1)
AreaForestAcres
Beech CreekOuachita National Forest8,303
Tennessee (4)
AreaForestAcres
Bald MountainCherokee National Forest11,743
London Bridge BranchCherokee National Forest3,387
Sampson Mountain AdditionCherokee National Forest3,064
Stone MountainCherokee National Forest5,367
Virginia (25)
AreaForestAcres
Adams PeakGeorge Washington National Forest7,135
Bear CreekJefferson National Forest18,274
Beards MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,505
Beaver Dam CreekJefferson National Forest1,135
Broad RunJefferson National Forest10,971
Brush MountainJefferson National Forest6,002
Gum RunGeorge Washington National Forest12,620
James River AdditionJefferson National Forest1,140
Kelley MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,590
Little RiverGeorge Washington National Forest27,292
Mill MountainGeorge Washington National Forest10,840
Mountain Lake Addition AJefferson National Forest1,469
Mt. PleasantGeorge Washington National Forest8,933
New London Bridge BranchJefferson National Forest844
North MountainJefferson National Forest8,377
Northern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest9,444
Oak KnobGeorge Washington National Forest10,882
Patterson MountainJefferson National Forest4,865
Price MountainJefferson National Forest9,119
SkidmoreGeorge Washington National Forest5,641
Southern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest11,985
The FriarsGeorge Washington National Forest2,035
The PriestGeorge Washington National Forest5,737
Three RidgesGeorge Washington National Forest4,745
Three SistersGeorge Washington National Forest8,149
West Virginia (6)
AreaForestAcres
Dolly Sods Roaring PlainMonongahela National Forest13,392
Dry River (WV)George Washington National Forest7,331
Falls Of Hills CreekMonongahela National Forest6,925
Glady ForkMonongahela National Forest3,239
Mcgowan MountainMonongahela National Forest10,504
Tea Creek MountainMonongahela National Forest8,295
Wisconsin (1)
AreaForestAcres
09154 - St. Peters DomeChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest4,002
References (8)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2010. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 7. Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae. Oxford University Press, New York. xxii + 797 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  3. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. Native Plant Trust. 2025. Go Botany website. Online. Available: https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org (accessed 2025).
  6. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  7. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  8. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).