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Samolus parviflorus

Raf.

Water Pimpernel

G5Secure Found in 9 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
LowThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.143866
Element CodePDPRI09051
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderPrimulales
FamilyPrimulaceae
GenusSamolus
Synonyms
Samolus floribundusKunthSamolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus(Raf.) Hulten
Other Common Names
Samole à petites fleurs (FR) seaside brookweed (EN) Seaside Brookweed (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
Flora of North America (vol. 8, 2009) and Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team (2023), followed here, elevate Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus from subspecies (Kartesz 94) to full species as S. parviflorus. Jones et al. (2012), based on a variety of evidence treat S. parviflorus within a broadly circumscribed S. valerandi.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-04-15
Change Date1988-08-04
Edition Date2024-04-15
Edition AuthorsNordman, C. (2024).
Threat ImpactLow
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Water Pimpernel (Samolus parviflorus) occurs in North America, including southern Canada, throughout the eastern and southern United States and Mexico, and in the West Indies, Central America (Honduras), South America (Bolivia), and Japan. It is estimated that there are about 1800 occurrences rangewide. It occurs in wetlands, and is threatened by residential development, urbanization, and recreation development in some areas, and by invasive exotic plants.
Range Extent Comments
Water Pimpernel (Samolus parviflorus) occurs in North America, including southern Canada, the United States, Mexico, and the West Indies, Central America (Honduras), South America (Bolivia), and Japan. In North America, it occurs in southern Canada, throughout the eastern and southern United States to California, Oregon and Washington, and throughout Mexico. Range extent was estimated to be 35 million square kilometers, using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024 (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2009, GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024, Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team 2023).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium records and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are about 1800 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Water Pimpernel (Samolus parviflorus) occurs in wetlands, it is threatened by residential development, urbanization, and recreation development in some areas, and by invasive exotic plants.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

"Stream banks, tidal freshwater and oligohaline marshes, pools in floodplains, calcareous seepage swamps, interdune ponds" (Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team 2023) at elevations of 0 to 1700 meters (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2009).
Palustrine Habitats
TEMPORARY POOLHERBACEOUS WETLANDFORESTED WETLANDBog/fenRiparian
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN4
ProvinceRankNative
QuebecS1Yes
Prince Edward IslandS1Yes
Nova ScotiaS3Yes
New BrunswickS3Yes
OntarioS4Yes
SaskatchewanSHYes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
New JerseyS4Yes
New MexicoSNRYes
South CarolinaS4Yes
North CarolinaS4Yes
IndianaS5Yes
VirginiaS5Yes
KansasS3Yes
KentuckyS4Yes
FloridaSNRYes
MichiganSNRYes
New YorkS4Yes
AlabamaSNRYes
OklahomaSNRYes
TexasSNRYes
ArkansasSNRYes
OregonSNRYes
MissouriSNRYes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
OhioSNRYes
West VirginiaS1Yes
CaliforniaSNRYes
TennesseeSNRYes
UtahS2Yes
New HampshireS1Yes
MassachusettsSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
NevadaS2Yes
DelawareS4Yes
GeorgiaSNRYes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
VermontS1Yes
WashingtonS1Yes
LouisianaSNRYes
MaineS3Yes
MarylandSNRYes
MississippiSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS3Yes
IllinoisSNRYes
ConnecticutSNRYes
ArizonaSNRYes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentSmall (1-10%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
1.1 - Housing & urban areasSmall (1-10%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
1.3 - Tourism & recreation areasSmall (1-10%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)

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Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (9)
Arkansas (3)
AreaForestAcres
Clifty CanyonOzark-St. Francis National Forest1,963
East ForkOzark-St. Francis National Forest13,037
PenhookOzark-St. Francis National Forest6,566
Florida (1)
AreaForestAcres
Alexander Springs CreekOcala National Forest2,954
Missouri (1)
AreaForestAcres
Swan Creek Rare II Study AreaMark Twain National Forest7,310
North Carolina (2)
AreaForestAcres
Pond Pine BCroatan National Forest2,961
Sheep Ridge AdditionCroatan National Forest5,808
Tennessee (1)
AreaForestAcres
Stone MountainCherokee National Forest5,367
Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Ramseys Draft AdditionGeorge Washington National Forest12,781
References (7)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2009. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 8. Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae. Oxford University Press, New York. xxiv + 585 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  3. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  4. Jones, K., A. A. Anderberg, L. P. Ronse de Craene, and L. Wanntorp. 2012a. Origin, diversification, and evolution of <i>Samolus valerandi </i>(Samolaceae, Ericales). Plant Systematics and Evolution 298(8): 1523-1531.
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  6. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).
  7. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2023. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of April 14, 2023. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2105 pp.