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Home/Species/ Scott Bar Salamander

Plethodon asupak

Mead, Clayton, Nauman, Olson, and Pfrender, 2005

Scott Bar Salamander

G2Imperiled (G2G3) Found in 4 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G2ImperiledGlobal Rank
EndangeredIUCN
High - lowThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.777949
Element CodeAAAAD12560
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNEndangered
Endemicendemic to a single state or province
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAmphibia
OrderCaudata
FamilyPlethodontidae
GenusPlethodon
Other Common Names
Scott River Salamander (EN)
Concept Reference
Mead, L. S., D. R. Clayton, R. S. Nauman, D. H. Olson, and M. E. Pfrender. 2005. Newly discovered populations of salamanders from Siskiyou County California represent a species distinct from Plethodon stormi. Herpetologica 61:158-177.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodLegacy Rank calculation - Excel v3.1x
Review Date2018-12-03
Change Date2018-12-03
Edition Date2018-12-03
Edition AuthorsMisty Nelson (2018)
Threat ImpactHigh - low
Range Extent250-1000 square km (about 100-400 square miles)
Number of Occurrences21 - 80
Rank Reasons
Very small range in extreme northern California; sensitive to land management practices and natural disturbances.
Range Extent Comments
Known from a few locations in Siskiyou County, northern California: Walker Gulch; Muck-a-Muck Creek above Scott Bar, and Mill Creek (Mead et al. 2005).
Occurrences Comments
Known from several dozen occurrences.
Threat Impact Comments
Sensitive to land management practices and natural disturbances (Mead et al. 2005). The major threat to this species is logging of old-growth forest. While the species occurs within a national forest, this allows logging under certain conditions.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

This species is found in old-growth, temperate rainforest near streams. The species is presumed to breed by direct development.
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest - ConiferForest - Mixed
Palustrine Habitats
Riparian
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN1
ProvinceRankNative
CaliforniaS3Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
4 - Transportation & service corridorsLarge (31-70%)Moderate - slightHigh (continuing)
5 - Biological resource useLarge (31-70%)Serious - slightHigh (continuing)

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Roadless Areas (4)
California (4)
AreaForestAcres
Box CampKlamath National Forest858
GriderKlamath National Forest10,647
KelseyKlamath National Forest3,237
Tom MartinKlamath National Forest9,031
References (24)
  1. Blaustein, A. R., J. J. Beatty, D. H. Olson, R. M. Storm. 1995. The biology of amphibians and reptiles in old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest. General Technical Report. PNW-GTR-337. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forest Service, Portland, Oregon. 98 pp.
  2. Bull, J.C., M. Stopher, D.R. Williams, K. Morefield, and J.M. Croteau. 2006. Report to the California Fish and Game Commission: Status Review of Siskiyou Mountains Salamander (<i>Plethodon stormi</i>) in California. California Department of Fish and Game, Habitat Conservation Planning Branch Status Report 2006-01. 54 pp.+ appendices.
  3. Bury, R. B., and C. A. Pearl. 1999. Klamath-Siskiyou herpetofauna: biogeographic patterns and conservation strategies. Natural Areas Journal 19:341-350.
  4. Chen, J., J. F. Franklin, and T. A. Spies. 1993. Contrasting microclimates among clearcut, edge, and interior old-growth Douglas-fir forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 63:219-237.
  5. Chen, J., J.F. Franklin, and T.A. Spies. 1995. Growing-season microclimatic gradients from clearcut edges into old-growth Douglas-fir forests. Ecological Applications 5:74-86.
  6. Chen, J., S.C. Saunders, T.R. Crow, R.J. Naiman, K.D. Brosofske, G.D. Mroz, B.L. Brookshire, and J.F. Franklin. 1999. Microclimate in forest ecosystem and landscape ecology. BioScience 49:288-297.
  7. Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]
  8. deMaynadier, P. G., and M. L. Hunter, Jr. 2000. Road effects on amphibian movements in a forested landscape. Natural Areas Journal 20:56-65.
  9. Frost, D.R. 2020. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Online: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html
  10. Greenwald, D.N. 2004. Petition to list the Siskiyou Mountains salamander (<i>Plethodon stormi and asupaki</i>) [<i>sic</i>] as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on June 16, 2004.
  11. Highton, R., and A. H. Brame. 1965. <i>Plethodon stormi</i> species nov. Amphibia: Urodela: Plethodontidae. Pilot Register of Zoology, Card 20.
  12. Jones, L.L.C., W. P. Leonard, and D. H. Olson, editors. 2005. Amphibians of the Pacific Northwest. Seattle Audubon Society, Seattle, Washington. xii + 227 pp.
  13. Marsh, D.M., G.S. Milam, N.P. Gorham, and N.G. Beckman. 2005. Forest roads as partial barriers to terrestrial salamander movement. Conservation Biology 19:2004-2008.
  14. Mead, L. S., D. R. Clayton, R. S. Nauman, D. H. Olson, and M. E. Pfrender. 2005. Newly discovered populations of salamanders from Siskiyou County California represent a species distinct from<i> Plethodon stormi</i>. Herpetologica 61:158-177.
  15. Nussbaum, R.A. 1974. The distributional ecology and life history of the Siskiyou Mountains salamander, <i>Plethodon stormi</i>, in relation to the potential impact of the proposed Applegate Reservoir on this species. Unpublished report submitted to the Army Corps of Engineers, Portland Division, Portland, OR. 70 pp.
  16. Nussbaum, R.A., E.D. Brodie, Jr., and R.M. Storm. 1983. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Pacific Northwest. University Press of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho. 332 pp.
  17. Taylor, A. H., and C. N. Skinner. 1998. Fire history and landscape dynamics in a late-successional reserve, Klamath Mountains, California, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 44:1-17.
  18. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2006. Forest Resources Special Project Siskiyou Mountains and Scott Bar Salamanders. Yreka Fish and Wildlife Office. Updated April 2013.
  19. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2007. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: 90-day finding on a petition to list the Siskiyou Mountains salamander and Scott Bar salamander as threatened or endangered. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Proposed Rule, Federal Register 72(60) (29 March, 2007).
  20. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2008. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: 12-Month finding on a petition to list the Siskiyou Mountains salamander and Scott Bar salamander as threatened or endangered. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Proposed Rule. Federal Register 73(16) (24 January, 2008).
  21. U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Bureau of Land Management (USFS and BLM). 2001. Record of Decision: for amendments to the survey and manage, protection buffer, and other mitigation measures standards and guidelines in Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management planning documents within the range of the Northern Spotted Owl, January 2001.
  22. U.S. Forest Service (USFS). 1994. Final Environmental Impact Statement. Klamath National Forest. U.S. Forest Service, Siskiyou County, CA, and Jackson County, OR.
  23. Wildlife Branch, Nongame Wildlife Program. 2016. A rapid assessment of the vulnerability of sensitive wildlife to extreme drought. California Department of Fish and Wildlife 7/15/2015, revised 1/22/2016.
  24. Wright, A.N., R.J. Hijmans, M.W. Schwartz and H.B. Shaffer. 2013. California Amphibian and Reptile Species of Future Concern: Conservation and Climate Change. Final Report to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Nongame Wildlife Program Task 12, Contract No. P0685904.