Xyris montana

Ries

Northern Yellow-eyed-grass

G5Secure Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.146522
Element CodePMXYR010F0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderCommelinales
FamilyXyridaceae
GenusXyris
Other Common Names
northern yelloweyed grass (EN) Xyris des montagnes (FR)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-06-05
Change Date2015-08-17
Edition Date2025-06-05
Edition AuthorsK. Crowley, MRO (1995), rev. N. Ventrella (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Xyris montana is a perennial forb occurring in bogs, fens, seeps, on the shores of lakes, streams, muskegs, or bog mats of eastern North America, from Ontario and Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, south to Pennsylvania and Minnesota in the United States. There are over 300 estimated occurrences rangewide, which are threatened by development, peat mining, climate change, succession, recreation, and other anthropogenic activities impacting wetland habitats. Little is known about threats or trends, but with a large range extent, high number of occurrences, abundant habitat, broad habitat preferences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, Xyris montana is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Xyris montana occurs in eastern North America, from Ontario and Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, south to Pennsylvania and Minnesota in the United States (FNA 2022). Range extent was estimated to be over 2.4 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are more than 300 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
The primary threat to populations of Xyris montana is the destruction of wetland habitat through development, peat mining, and other anthropogenic activities (Dodds 2022). According to Dobbs (2022), this species is adapted to cool summers and sensitive to low winter temperatures, and hotter, drier conditions associated with climate change could be a threat. Because Xyris montana is a successional species, the removal of all local disturbance (and subsequent overgrowth by woody species) is also a threat.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Xyris montana occurs in "sphagnous bogs, poor fens, acid seeps, shores of glacial lakes, streams, muskegs, or floating bog mats" from 0-500 m in elevation (FNA 2000).

Reproduction

Xyris montana produces flowers from summer through fall (FNA 2000).
Palustrine Habitats
FORESTED WETLANDBog/fenRiparian
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN4
ProvinceRankNative
MichiganSNRYes
New HampshireSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
VermontS1Yes
MaineSNRYes
Rhode IslandS1Yes
New JerseyS1Yes
New YorkS5Yes
MinnesotaS3Yes
ConnecticutS2Yes
PennsylvaniaS4Yes
MassachusettsS2Yes
CanadaN4
ProvinceRankNative
OntarioS4Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS3Yes
Nova ScotiaS4Yes
QuebecS3Yes
New BrunswickS3Yes
Threat Assessments

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (1)
Minnesota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Phantom LakeSuperior National Forest6,521
References (9)
  1. Coffin, B., and L. Pfannmuller, editors. 1988. Minnesota's endangered flora and fauna. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 473 pp.
  2. Dodds, Jill S. 2022. <i>Xyris montana</i> Rare Plant Profile. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, State Parks, Forests and Historic Sites, State Forest Fire Service and Forestry, Office of Natural Lands Management, New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Trenton, NJ. 15 pp. [https://nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/natural/heritage/docs/xyris-montana-northern-yellow-eyed-grass.pdf]
  3. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2000. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 22. Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiii + 352 pp.
  4. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  5. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  6. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  7. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  8. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  9. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).