Dodecahema leptoceras

(A. Gray) Reveal & Hardham

Slender-horned Spineflower

G1Critically Imperiled Found in 38 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G1Critically ImperiledGlobal Rank
Very high - highThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.150862
Element CodePDPGN0V010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single state or province
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderPolygonales
FamilyPolygonaceae
GenusDodecahema
Synonyms
Centrostegia leptocerasGray ex Benth.Chorizanthe leptoceras(Gray ex Benth.) S. Wats.
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Review Date2016-07-26
Change Date1988-03-08
Edition Date2009-05-15
Edition AuthorsRoth, E., (rev. 2009 L. Oliver and R. Bittman)
Threat ImpactVery high - high
Range Extent1000-5000 square km (about 400-2000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences6 - 20
Rank Reasons
There are thirty five occurrences known with only 19 still extant. The habitat where this species occurs, alluvial terrace, is highly threatened by development, agriculture, off-road vehicle use, non native plants and other threats. The long term trend for this species is one of significant decline due to the alteration and degradation of its habitat, alluvial terrace. Further, short term decline is also quite steep.
Range Extent Comments
This species is known from the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains in Los Angeles Co., the San Bernardino Mountains of San Bernardino Co., and the San Jacinto Mountains of western Riverside Co. (Flora North America vol. 5).

This species historically extended from the southern base of the Liebre Mountains, Western Transverse Ranges, and the western edge of the San Gabriel Mountains in Los Angeles Co. to the eastern edge of the range at Cajon Canyon in San Bernardino Co. From there it extends southeast from the Santa Ana River wash close to Redlands in San Bernardino Co.. From there it reaches southeast to the San Jacinto Mountains. Finally, it is known from the Temescal Canyon and southeast to Vail Lake/Dripping Springs area (CPC 2007).
Occurrences Comments
A total of 35 occurrences are known, however, only 19 are non-historic.
Threat Impact Comments
Habitat replaced by urbanization, agriculture. Urbanization in the Los Angeles area has significantly reduced the number of known norther occurrences (Flora North America vol. 5). Threatened by exotic annuals, sand and gravel mining, grazing, flood control, hydrological alteration, proposed reservoir construction, off road vehicles, and herbivory (CPC 2007).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Old sandy benches or floodplain terraces containing alluvial fan scrub just below 2200 feet.
Terrestrial Habitats
Shrubland/chaparral
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN1
ProvinceRankNative
CaliforniaS1Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentPervasive - largeExtreme - seriousHigh (continuing)
1.1 - Housing & urban areasPervasive - largeExtreme - seriousHigh (continuing)
2 - Agriculture & aquaculturePervasive - largeExtreme - seriousHigh (continuing)
2.1 - Annual & perennial non-timber cropsPervasive - largeExtreme - seriousHigh (continuing)
2.3 - Livestock farming & ranchingPervasive - largeExtreme - seriousHigh (continuing)
3 - Energy production & miningPervasive - largeExtreme - seriousHigh (continuing)
3.2 - Mining & quarryingPervasive - largeExtreme - seriousHigh (continuing)
6 - Human intrusions & disturbancePervasive - largeExtreme - seriousHigh (continuing)
6.1 - Recreational activitiesPervasive - largeExtreme - seriousHigh (continuing)
7 - Natural system modificationsPervasive - largeExtreme - seriousHigh - low
7.2 - Dams & water management/usePervasive - largeExtreme - seriousHigh - low
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesPervasive - largeExtreme - seriousHigh (continuing)
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesPervasive - largeExtreme - seriousHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (38)
California (38)
AreaForestAcres
Arroyo SecoAngeles National Forest4,703
Cahuilla MountainSan Bernardino National Forest6,952
CajonSan Bernardino National Forest7,548
Circle MountainSan Bernardino National Forest6,375
Circle MountainSan Bernardino National Forest6,375
City CreekSan Bernardino National Forest9,997
ColdwaterCleveland National Forest8,402
ColdwaterCleveland National Forest8,402
Crystal CreekSan Bernardino National Forest6,783
Crystal CreekSan Bernardino National Forest6,783
Cucamonga AAngeles National Forest1,249
Cucamonga BSan Bernardino National Forest11,933
Cucamonga BSan Bernardino National Forest11,933
Cucamonga CSan Bernardino National Forest4,106
Cutca ValleyCleveland National Forest14,530
Fish CanyonAngeles National Forest29,886
Hixon FlatSan Bernardino National Forest8,095
Hixon FlatSan Bernardino National Forest8,095
Horse Creek RidgeSan Bernardino National Forest8,969
LaddCleveland National Forest5,300
Magic MountainAngeles National Forest15,542
Magic MountainAngeles National Forest15,542
Mill PeakSan Bernardino National Forest7,884
Mill PeakSan Bernardino National Forest7,884
Raywood Flat BSan Bernardino National Forest11,373
Red MountainAngeles National Forest8,034
Rouse HillSan Bernardino National Forest13,745
Salt CreekAngeles National Forest11,022
San DimasAngeles National Forest7,160
San Gabriel AddAngeles National Forest2,527
San SevaineSan Bernardino National Forest6,866
Sheep MountainAngeles National Forest21,098
Strawberry PeakAngeles National Forest7,245
TrabucoCleveland National Forest23,341
TuleAngeles National Forest9,861
West ForkAngeles National Forest1,169
WestforkAngeles National Forest4,407
WildhorseCleveland National Forest1,483
References (4)
  1. Bittman, Roxanne. Personal Communication. Botanist, California Natural Diversity Database, Sacramento, Calif.
  2. Center for Plant Conservation (CPC). 2007. CPC National Collection of Plants Profile: <i>Dodecahema leptoceras.</i> Available at http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/ASP/CPC_ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum=12921 (Accessed May 11, 2009).
  3. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2005. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 5. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae: Caryophyllales, Polygonales, and Plumbaginales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. vii + 656 pp.
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.