Eremichthys acros

Hubbs and Miller, 1948

Desert Dace

G1Critically Imperiled Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
G1Critically ImperiledGlobal Rank
VulnerableIUCN
High - mediumThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102361
Element CodeAFCJB10010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNVulnerable
Endemicendemic to a single state or province
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassActinopterygii
OrderCypriniformes
FamilyLeuciscidae
GenusEremichthys
Concept Reference
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.
Taxonomic Comments
This fish is a member of a monotypic genus that is closely related to Rhinichthys (Lee et al. 1980).
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2011-11-30
Change Date1996-09-13
Edition Date2011-11-30
Edition AuthorsHammerson, G.
Threat ImpactHigh - medium
Range Extent<100 square km (less than about 40 square miles)
Number of Occurrences6 - 20
Rank Reasons
Restricted to a small area of thermal springs in northwestern Nevada; threats from habitat alteration have been much reduced, but the species and habitat remain vulnerable to harmful introductions of non-native species.
Range Extent Comments
The range is restricted to thermal spring habitats in the Soldier Meadows area, western Humboldt County, northwestern Nevada, at elevations of 1,320-1,395 meters (Vinyard 1996, USFWS 1997). The occupied springs and outflow streams are contained within an area of approximately 1,550 hectares (3,830 acres) (USFWS 1997).
Occurrences Comments
At the time the recovery plan was finalized, this fish occurred in 8 thermal spring systems, which are more or less isolated except possibly during extremely wet conditions (USFWS 1997). Two previously unreported desert dace populations were discovered in the southern area of Soldier Meadows during a November 2002 survey (USGS-BRD, unpublished data).
Threat Impact Comments
Habitat formerly was threatened by channelization and water diversion (which change thermal environment and reduce food supply) and potential geothermal and/or mineral development, but these threats have been much reduced or eliminated by recent agency management policies and designations and acquisition of a conservation easement that includes limitations on the ability of the private landowner to divert water from dace habitat. However, the potential for geothermal exploitation of the source waters for the springs feeding Soldier Meadows must be regarded as a potential long-term threat (G. L. Vinyard; www.desertfishes.org). The primary current threat is the potential for introduction of competing or predaceous non-native fish species (and parasites associated with non-native fishes).

The BLM's 2004 Final Multiple Use Decision (MUD) for the Soldier Meadows allotment and the 2003 FWS Biological Opinion on the MUD contain measures that are expected to eliminate potential threats from livestock grazing and wild horse use. These measures include fencing of the desert dace habitat and provisions for additional inventory and monitoring actions of the species and critical habitat. A plan is also being developed that would reduce the level of potential impacts to desert dace from recreation use in the area. This plan would emphasize the sensitivity of the area, direct camping and vehicle use away from the desert dace habitats, provide educational and interpretation opportunities, and increase habitat monitoring in the area. [Source: Lynch 2007]
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

This species inhabits warm springs and their outflow creeks, in areas with temperatures of 18-40 C (most common in temperatures of 23-29 C downstream of spring orifices). Cooler temperatures of 21-24 C are required for spawning. Occupied habitat includes spring pools up to 15 meters in diameter and 3.4 meters deep; outflow streams typically less than 0.3 meters deep; alkali marsh areas with overland flow among cattails, hardstem bulrush, and other herbaceous plants; artificial impoundments; and earthen irrigation ditches (USFWS 1997).

Reproduction

Probably breeds throughout early and midsummer (Sigler and Sigler 1987), or year round (Matthews and Moseley 1990).
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN1
ProvinceRankNative
NevadaS1Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
3 - Energy production & miningPervasive (71-100%)Extreme - moderateLow (long-term)
3.3 - Renewable energyPervasive (71-100%)Extreme - moderateLow (long-term)
7 - Natural system modificationsPervasive - largeExtreme - moderateInsignificant/negligible or past
7.2 - Dams & water management/usePervasive - largeExtreme - moderateInsignificant/negligible or past
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesPervasive (71-100%)Extreme - moderateModerate - low
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesPervasive (71-100%)Extreme - moderateModerate - low

Roadless Areas (1)
South Dakota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Indian CreekBuffalo Gap National Grassland24,666
References (19)
  1. Clemmer, Glenn (Nevada Natural Heritage Program). 1997. Review and annotation of fish watershed distribution maps. Review requested by Ruth Mathews, TNC. 1997.
  2. Jelks, H. L., S. J. Walsh, N. M. Burkhead, S. Contreras-Balderas, E. Díaz-Pardo, D. A. Hendrickson, J. Lyons, N. E. Mandrak, F. McCormick, J. S. Nelson, S. P. Platania, B. A. Porter, C. B. Renaud, J. Jacobo Schmitter-Soto, E. B. Taylor, and M.L. Warren, Jr. 2008. Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes. Fisheries 33(8):372-407.
  3. La Rivers, I. 1962. Fishes and Fisheries of Nevada. Nevada State Fish and Game Commission, Carson City, Nevada. 782 pp.
  4. Lee, D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt, R. E. Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and J. R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, North Carolina. i-x + 854 pp.
  5. Lynch, G. 2007. Biological assessment for the Soldier Meadows Allotment Livestock Grazing Permit. Winnemucca Field Office - Nevada, Bureau of Land Management.
  6. Matthews, J.R. and C.J. Moseley (eds.). 1990. The Official World Wildlife Fund Guide to Endangered Species of North America. Volume 1. Plants, Mammals. xxiii + pp 1-560 + 33 pp. appendix + 6 pp. glossary + 16 pp. index. Volume 2. Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fishes, Mussels, Crustaceans, Snails, Insects, and Arachnids. xiii + pp. 561-1180. Beacham Publications, Inc., Washington, D.C.
  7. Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Perez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. 386 pp.
  8. Ono, R.D., J.D. Williams, and A. Wagner. 1983. Vanishing Fishes of North America. Stone Wall Press, Washington, DC. 257 pp
  9. Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 432 pp.
  10. Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. xix + 663 pp.
  11. Page, L. M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, R. L. Mayden, and J. S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Seventh edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, Bethesda, Maryland.
  12. Page, L. M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. American Fisheries Society (AFS), Special Publication 37, Bethesda, Maryland, 439 pp.
  13. Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.
  14. Sigler, W. F., and J. W. Sigler. 1987. Fishes of the Great Basin: a natural history. University of Nevada Press, Reno, Nevada. xvi + 425 pp.
  15. State Natural Heritage Data Centers. 1996b. Aggregated element occurrence data from all U.S. state natural heritage programs, including the Tennessee Valley Authority, Navajo Nation and the District of Columbia: Export of freshwater fish and mussel records west of the Mississippi River in 1997. Science Division, The Nature Conservancy.
  16. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1985. Determination of threatened status and critical habitat for the desert dace. Federal Register 50:50304-9.
  17. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1990. Endangered and threatened species recovery program: report to Congress. 406 pp.
  18. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1997. Recovery plan for the rare species of Soldier Meadows. USFWS, Portland, Oregon. 50 pp.
  19. Vinyard, G. L. 1996. Distribution of a thermal endemic minnow, the desert dace (<i>Eremichthys acros</i>), and observations of impacts of water diversion on its population. Great Basin Naturalist 56:360-368.