Eriogonum tiehmii

Reveal

Tiehm's Buckwheat

G1Critically Imperiled Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
G1Critically ImperiledGlobal Rank
Very high - highThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.151598
Element CodePDPGN086L0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single state or province
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderPolygonales
FamilyPolygonaceae
GenusEriogonum
Other Common Names
Tiehm's buckwheat (EN) Tiehm's wild buckwheat (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2020-01-27
Change Date1988-08-03
Edition Date2021-03-17
Edition AuthorsMorefield/Maybury, Spring 1996, rev. Treher (2021)
Threat ImpactVery high - high
Range Extent<100 square km (less than about 40 square miles)
Number of Occurrences1 - 5
Rank Reasons
Eriogonum tiehmii is an edaphic endemic, known only from a tiny area in the Silver Peak Range of Esmeralda County, Nevada. As of 2019, there is a single extant occurrence of 8 small patches, separated by less than 1 km, on public lands under active mineral exploration for lithium and likely development, with projected losses of 50–70%, if current preliminary mining plans are implemented. Exploration activities have increased invasive weed populations in the area. Aside from this very serious threat, populations have been stable in recent years. However, in 2020, 17,000 plants were uprooted and some destroyed. The cause is under investigation but ground squirrels are likely the cause.
Range Extent Comments
Eriogonum tiehmii is endemic to a small area in the Silver Peak Range of Esmeralda County, Nevada.
Occurrences Comments
There is a single occurrence with eight patches, that are within 1 km of each other.
Threat Impact Comments
As of 2019, there is active mineral exploration (lithium) in the area, up to edges of some population patches. Preliminary mining plans call for removal of about half of the occurrence, specifically the southern half which has the greatest viability. The projected loss if current preliminary mining plans are implemented would be 50-70%. Exploration activities have also increased invasive weed populations in the area. Between 2008 and 2010, other threats that were reported and are still relevant include: off-road vehicle use, mineral exploration and development, and small population numbers. Most sites have been impacted by past mineral exploration and extraction, and claims markers remain. In the past, plants have successfully recolonized minor trench prospects within the soil habitat. However, an old major trench that completely removed soil has not been recolonized. Small mammals, including ground squirrels, can damage or kill plants by digging them up, burrowing around plants, and chewing on roots (USFWS 2020).
Ecology & Habitat

Diagnostic Characteristics

Eriogonum tiehmii is a small herb with grey foliage and yellowish white or cream colored flowers (FNA 2005).

Habitat

Eriogonum tiehmii occurs on light-colored deposits and rocky clay hills and washes in saltbush communities at 1815–1890 meters elevation (FNA 2005).
Terrestrial Habitats
Shrubland/chaparralDesert
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN1
ProvinceRankNative
NevadaS1Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
3 - Energy production & miningPervasive (71-100%)Extreme - seriousHigh (continuing)
3.2 - Mining & quarryingPervasive (71-100%)Extreme - seriousHigh (continuing)
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesPervasive - largeUnknownHigh (continuing)
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesPervasive - largeUnknownHigh (continuing)
8.1.1 - Unspecified speciesPervasive - largeUnknownHigh (continuing)
8.2 - Problematic native species/diseasesPervasive (71-100%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
8.2.1 - Unspecified speciesPervasive (71-100%)UnknownHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (1)
Nevada (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bald Mtn.Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest41,598
References (10)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2005. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 5. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae: Caryophyllales, Polygonales, and Plumbaginales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. vii + 656 pp.
  2. Kartesz, J.T. 1988. A flora of Nevada. Ph.D. dissertation. Univ. of Nevada, Reno. 3 volumes. 1729 pp.
  3. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  4. Morefield, J.D., editor. 2001. Nevada rare plant atlas [with rare plant fact sheets]. Available as a pdf file at: http://heritage.nv.gov/atlas/atlas.html. Compiled by the Nevada Natural Heritage Program, Carson City, for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Reno, Nevada.
  5. Reveal, J.L. 1985. New Nevada entities and combinations in Eriogonum (Polygonaceae). Great Basin Naturalist 45(2): 276-280.
  6. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2020. 90-Day Findings for Two Species. Notice of petition findings and initiation of status reviews. Federal Register 85(141): 44265-44267.
  7. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2020. Environmental DNA analysis supports conclusion that damage to rare Tiehm’s buckwheat plants was caused by herbivory. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Reno Fish & Wildlife Office. Online, Available: https://www.fws.gov/reno/news/environmental-dna-analysis-supports-conclusion-damage-rare-tiehms-buckwheat-plants-was-caused.
  8. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2021. Endangered Species Status for Tiehm’s Buckwheat. Proposed Rule. Federal Register 86(192): 55775-55789.
  9. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2021. Finding on a petition to list the Tiehm’s Buckwheat as threatened or endangered. Notification of 12-month petition finding. Federal Register 86(106): 29975-29977.
  10. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2022. Endangered Species Status and Designation of Critical Habitat for Tiehm’s Buckwheat. Final Rule. Federal Register 87(241): 77368-77401.