(A. Gray) G.L. Nesom & N.S. Fraga
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.155318
Element CodePDSCR1B140
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderLamiales
FamilyPhrymaceae
GenusErythranthe
SynonymsMimulus exiguusGray
Other Common NamesSan Bernardino Mountain monkeyflower (EN)
Concept ReferenceKartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic CommentsThe Flora of North America (vol. 17 2019) transfers Mimulus exiguus to Erythranthe exigua; these represent the same concept for the element.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-05-13
Change Date1984-06-26
Edition Date2024-05-13
Edition AuthorsD. Gries, Rev. A. Treher (2013), Eberly (2024)
Threat ImpactHigh - medium
Range Extent5000-20,000 square km (about 2000-8000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences6 - 80
Rank ReasonsErythranthe exigua is a small tap-rooted annual herb that occurs in San Bernardino County, California, USA, and Baja California, Mexico. In California, this species is found in a unique habitat, the pebble plains, that is host to many rare species but highly sensetive to soil disturbance. This species is threatened by development, recreation, mining, erosion, and alterations to site hydrology. Many historical occurrences in California are on private land, where development has occurred and remains a threat to any existing sites; it is likely that some of these occurrences are extirpated. More information is needed for occurences in Mexico.
Range Extent CommentsErythranthe exigua occurs in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California, USA, and in the Sierra de Juárez and Sierra de San Pedro Mártir of Baja California, Mexico (Villaseñor 2016, CCH2 2024). Range extent was estimated using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1983 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024).
Occurrences CommentsBy applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1983 and 2024, it is estimated that there are 19 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024). In California, occurrences are delineated using a small separation distance to classify 22 occurrences, but 15 of those are historical (over 20 years old) (CNDDB 2024). There are numerous sites last documented prior to 1983 that occur in protected areas or seemingly remote locations that may still be extant.
Threat Impact CommentsOccurrences on private land in California are threatened by new development and the long term impacts of habitat fragmentation in highly developed areas. Most extant occurrences are in San Bernadino National Forest where the primary threat is recreation, including trampling by hikers and off road vehicle (ORV) use. The pebble plain habitat where this species occurs is especially threatened by ORV use. Mining, past degradation and future activities, is a threat on private and public lands. Other threats include alterations to site hydrology; erosion post fire; and pipeline, transmission line, and road maintenance (CNDDB 2024). Some occurrences in Mexico are nearby roads but the landownership is not known for all occurrences (CCH2 2024). Regional threats to the mountains of northern Baja California include mining, logging and cattle ranching but these may be of low intensity. These mountainous regionas are relatively intact (Riemann and Exequiel 2007).