Asclepias verticillata

L.

Whorled Milkweed

G5Secure Found in 17 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.146524
Element CodePDASC02240
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderGentianales
FamilyApocynaceae
GenusAsclepias
Other Common Names
Asclépiade verticillée (FR) whorled milkweed (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-06-18
Change Date1984-02-09
Edition Date2025-06-18
Edition AuthorsJohnson, J. (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Asclepias verticillata is a wide ranging perennial herb occurring in a variety of habitats across much of the eastern United States and Canada. With a large range extent, more than 1500 occurrences, abundant habitat, broad habitat preferences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Asclepias verticillata is found throughout the eastern and central United States and south-central Canada (FNA 2023). Range extent was estimated using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium records and photo-based observations documented between 1994 and 2025, there are estimated to be more than 1500 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Asclepias verticillata is potentially threatened by development, road maintenance, invasive species, and other threats in some places. However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range, large number of occurrences, tolerance of light disturbance, and affinity for typically abundant habitats, as well as no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities.
Ecology & Habitat

Description

Whorled milkweed is a perennial herb arising from a fibrous rootcrown. The 3.5-9 dm stems are solitary to few, simple or sparingly branched, and usually sparsely hairy. The leaves are whorled or nearly so, sessile, and linear to thread-like (1.5-8 cm x 0.5-2 mm). The inflorescences are 6-20 flowered and found in the upper leaf axils. The flowers are 5.5-7.5 mm tall, with green or purple-tinged sepals, and white to greenish-purple tinged petals. The "eye" is greenish-white, and the horns arch over the anther head. The fruits are narrowly spindle shaped (8-10.5 cm x 6-8 mm), ascending to erect, sparsely hairy, and smooth (Great Plains Flora 1986, Dorn 2001).

Habitat

Asclepias verticillata grows in "Ridges, slopes, flats, glades, bluffs, dunes, sandhills, streamsides, wet meadows and depressions, lake shores, sandstone, limestone, granite, serpentine, dolomite, shale, sandy, clay, and rocky soils, prairies, pine flatwoods and barrens, pine and oak scrubs, oak and oak-hickory woodlands, pine, pine-oak and pine-mixed-hardwood forests, forest edges" (FNA 2023).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest EdgeGrassland/herbaceousSand/dune
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDRiparian
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN4
ProvinceRankNative
SaskatchewanS1Yes
ManitobaS3Yes
OntarioS4Yes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
MassachusettsS2Yes
MissouriSNRYes
KansasS5Yes
New MexicoSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
OhioSNRYes
MarylandS3Yes
VermontS1Yes
TennesseeSNRYes
New YorkS2Yes
GeorgiaSNRYes
DelawareSHYes
IndianaS5Yes
LouisianaSNRYes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
MontanaS3Yes
New JerseyS2Yes
West VirginiaS3Yes
KentuckyS4Yes
FloridaS4Yes
South DakotaSNRYes
WyomingSNRYes
ArkansasSNRYes
MississippiSNRYes
MichiganSNRYes
South CarolinaSNRYes
AlabamaSNRYes
North CarolinaS5Yes
Rhode IslandS1Yes
PennsylvaniaS2Yes
TexasSNRYes
OklahomaSNRYes
IowaS5Yes
North DakotaSNRYes
VirginiaS4Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
NebraskaSNRYes
IllinoisSNRYes
ConnecticutSNRYes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undeterminedUnknownUnknownUnknown

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)Yes
Roadless Areas (17)
Alabama (1)
AreaForestAcres
Blue MountainTalladega National Forest4,986
Arkansas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Clifty CanyonOzark-St. Francis National Forest1,963
Florida (1)
AreaForestAcres
Alexander Springs CreekOcala National Forest2,954
Georgia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Patterson GapChattahoochee National Forest1,186
Louisiana (1)
AreaForestAcres
Saline Bayou W & S River CorridorKisatchie National Forest5,355
Missouri (1)
AreaForestAcres
Swan Creek Rare II Study AreaMark Twain National Forest7,310
North Carolina (1)
AreaForestAcres
Tusquitee BaldNantahala National Forest13,670
North Dakota (8)
AreaForestAcres
Bell LakeDakota Prairie Grasslands11,265
DurlerDakota Prairie Grasslands12,464
Long X DivideDakota Prairie Grasslands10,099
MagpieDakota Prairie Grasslands21,281
Ponderosa PineDakota Prairie Grasslands7,471
SheyenneDakota Prairie Grasslands14,537
Twin ButtesDakota Prairie Grasslands13,492
WannaganDakota Prairie Grasslands6,026
Virginia (2)
AreaForestAcres
Beards MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,505
Three SistersGeorge Washington National Forest8,149
References (6)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2023. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 14. Magnoliophyta: Gentianaceae to Hydroleaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 505 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  3. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  6. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).