Hibiscus dasycalyx

Blake & Shiller

Neches River Rosemallow

G1Critically Imperiled Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
G1Critically ImperiledGlobal Rank
Very highThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.132707
Element CodePDMAL0H0E0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single state or province
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderMalvales
FamilyMalvaceae
GenusHibiscus
Other Common Names
Neeches River Rose-Mallow (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
Genetic studies confirm that Hibiscus dasycalyx is a valid species, distinct from other sympatric Hibiscus species (Mendoza 2004 in Parris 2009).
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2020-03-18
Change Date1989-09-21
Edition Date2020-03-18
Edition AuthorsBrown, B.A. (1985), rev. Poole/Maybury (1996), rev. Maybury (2002), rev. L. Morse (2005), rev. A. Tomaino (2010), rev. Treher (2020)
Threat ImpactVery high
Range Extent1000-5000 square km (about 400-2000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences1 - 5
Rank Reasons
Hibiscus dasycalyx is a Texas endemic found only in wetlands of the East Texas Pineywoods Ecoregion. Eight extant populations are known but three of those are historic. The species has been introduced numerous sites. Populations have been subjected to heavy herbicide use in the past, and that, along with mowing, continues to be a threat. In addition, all of the occurrences are subject to genetic swamping by more common Hibiscus species that are perhaps better adapted to human-disturbed conditions. One of the biggest threats to the species is competition with other plants including non-native species and aggressive, woody native species.
Range Extent Comments
Hibiscus dasycalyx is endemic to east Texas and known only from Cherokee, Harrison, Houston, and Trinity counties(Poole et al. 2007). Extent of occurrence is calculated using occurrences natural occurrences with plants seen within the last 20 years (EO data in the NatureServe central database as of November 2020).
Occurrences Comments
There are eight natural populations are known to be extant or thought to be extant. One occurrence is extirpated. In addition, the species has been introduced at eight sites (USFWS 2018).
Threat Impact Comments
Hibiscus dasycalyx is primarily threatened by competition and displacement by invasive (Chinese Tallow, Triadica sebifera) and aggressive native species, like sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua). It is also threatened by herbicide use and inappropriate mowing on highway right-of-ways and private lands (USFWS 2010). All right-of-way populations are small or have been extirpated (USFWS 2010). Also seriously threatened by hybridization with other Hibiscus species that are invading some sites due to habitat alteration (USFWS 2010). Other major threats include cattle grazing resulting in soil compaction and trampling, wetland drainage and filling, wetland conversion to stock ponds, and water-table changes (USFWS 2010). Drought can also be threatening: extreme drought occurred in 1998-2001 and short-term droughts have continued to occur in recent years (USFWS 2010).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Hibiscus dasycalyx occurs in openings in shrub swamps or along the margins of riparian woodlands in seasonally wet soils (often found near standing water). Sites are typically flooded during late winter and early spring, but the surface soils are often quite dry by late summer.

Reproduction

The species typically flowers in June or July, but is dependent on rain to flower (USFWS 2018).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandShrubland/chaparral
Palustrine Habitats
Bog/fenRiparian
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN1
ProvinceRankNative
TexasS1Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureUnknownSerious - moderateHigh (continuing)
2.3 - Livestock farming & ranchingUnknownSerious - moderateHigh (continuing)
2.3.4 - Scale unknown/unrecordedUnknownSerious - moderateHigh (continuing)
4 - Transportation & service corridorsUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
4.1 - Roads & railroadsUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
7 - Natural system modificationsLarge - restrictedSerious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
7.2 - Dams & water management/useLarge - restrictedSerious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesLarge (31-70%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesLarge (31-70%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
8.1.1 - Unspecified speciesLarge (31-70%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
8.2 - Problematic native species/diseasesLarge (31-70%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
8.2.1 - Unspecified speciesLarge (31-70%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
9 - PollutionLarge (31-70%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
9.3 - Agricultural & forestry effluentsLarge (31-70%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
9.3.4 - Type unknown/unrecordedLarge (31-70%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
11 - Climate change & severe weatherLarge (31-70%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
11.2 - DroughtsLarge (31-70%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (1)
Texas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Big CreekNational Forests in Texas1,447
References (19)
  1. Blake, S.F. 1958. Two species of Hibiscus from Texas. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 48(9): 277-278.
  2. Blanchard, O.J., Jr. 1976. A revision of species segregated from Hibiscus sect. Trionum (Medicus) de Candolle sensu lato (Malvaceae). Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell Univ., Ithica, New York.
  3. Correll, D.S., and H.B. Correll. 1972. Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States. 2 volumes. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, California. 1777 pp.
  4. Correll, D.S., and M.C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. Texas Research Foundation, Renner. 1881 pp.
  5. Creech, D., D. Parrish, B. Clack. 1999. Saving the Neches River rose mallow, <i>Hibsicus dasycalyx</i>. Native plant Society of Texas News. 17(3): 1-3. [http://ag.sfasu.edu/UserFiles/File/PNPC%20HOME/SAVING%20THE%20NECHES%20RIVER%20ROSE%20MALLOW.pdf]
  6. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  7. Kennedy, K.L., and J.M. Poole. 1990. Status report on Hibiscus dasycalyx (Neches River rose-mallow). Report prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
  8. Nemec, K. 2002. Candidate and listing priority assignment form: <i>Hibiscus dasycalyx</i>. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Clear Lake (Houston) Field Office, Houston, Texas.
  9. Nixon, E.S., and B.L. Cunningham. 1985. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of East Texas. B.L. Cunningham Productions, Nacogdoches, Texas. 240 pp.
  10. Parris, S.D. 2009. March last update. Species assessment and listing priority assignment form: <i>Hibiscus dasycalyx. </i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered Species Program. Online. Available: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/candforms_pdf/ (Accessed 2010).
  11. Poole, J. M., W. R. Carr, D. M. Price and J. R. Singhurst. 2007. Rare plants of Texas. Texas A &amp; M University Press. College Station, Texas. 640 pp.
  12. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1995. Category and Listing Priority Form.
  13. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2003. Draft candidate assessment and priority assignment form for <i>Hibiscus dasycalyx</i>. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
  14. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2004. Species assessment and listing priority assignment form. <i>Hibiscus dasycalyx</i>. 11 pp.
  15. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2010. April last update. Species assessment and listing priority assignment form: <i>Hibiscus dasycalyx. </i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered Species Program. Online. Available: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/candforms_pdf/r2/Q0ZH_P01.pdf (Accessed 2010).
  16. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2012. Determination of status for Texas golden gladecress and Neches River rose-mallow and designation of critical habitat. Federal Register 77(176): 55968-56026.
  17. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2013. Determination of Endangered Status for Texas Golden Gladecress and Threatened Status for Neches River Rose-Mallow. Federal Register 78(176): 56026-56069.
  18. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2018. Recovery Outline: Neches River Rose Mallow (<i>Hibiscus dasycalyx</i>). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Texas Coastal Ecological Services Field Office, Houston, Texas.
  19. Warnock, M.J. 1995. Status report on <i>Hibiscus dasycalyx</i> (Neches River rose-mallow). Report prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Clear Lake, Texas. 40 pp.