Home/Species/ Tonguetied Minnow

Exoglossum laurae

(Hubbs, 1931)

Tonguetied Minnow

G4Apparently Secure Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →

G4Apparently SecureGlobal Rank

Least concernIUCN

Identity

Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103970

Element CodeAFCJB12010

Record TypeSPECIES

ClassificationSpecies

Classification StatusStandard

Name CategoryVertebrate Animal

IUCNLeast concern

Endemicendemic to a single nation

KingdomAnimalia

PhylumCraniata

ClassActinopterygii

OrderCypriniformes

FamilyLeuciscidae

GenusExoglossum

Concept Reference

Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.

Taxonomic Comments

Formerly placed in genus Parexoglossum. Hybridizes with E. maxillingua in Walker Creek system of New drainage, Virginia (Lee et al. 1980).

Conservation Status

Rank MethodExpertise without calculation

Review Date2012-01-27

Change Date1996-09-13

Edition Date2012-01-27

Edition AuthorsJennings, R., and G. Hammerson

Range Extent20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)

Number of Occurrences81 to >300

Rank Reasons

Relatively common in disjunct range in eastern U.S.; has declined due to pollution and siltation of habitat.

Range Extent Comments

Range includes three disjunct areas in the upper Ohio River basin: upper Allegheny River drainage, western New York and northwestern Pennsylvania, and upper Genesee River, Lake Ontario drainage, New York and Pennsylvania; upper New River drainage, West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina; and Great Miami and Little Miami river systems, Ohio (Page and Burr 2011).

Occurrences Comments

This species is represented by a large number of occurrences (subpopulations). Lee et al. (1980) mapped about 128 collection sites.

Threat Impact Comments

Some habitat has been lost or degraded as a result of stream channelization, pollution, and siltation.

Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Habitat includes rocky pools and runs of cool to warm, usually clear, creeks and small to medium rivers of moderate gradient, generally with relatively unsilted bottoms of gravel, rubble, and boulder, often at deeper edges of pools near vegetation or other cover(Lee et al. 1980, Page and Burr 2011); Spawning occurs in mounded pebble nests made by males in slow to moderate current; directly over pebbles on upstream slope of pebble nest (Maurakis et al. 1991).

Reproduction

Spawns in late spring. Oldest adult age group = IV (Lee et al. 1980).

Other Nations (1)

United StatesN4

Province	Rank	Native
New York	S2	Yes
Ohio	S1	Yes
West Virginia	S2	Yes
Pennsylvania	S4	Yes
North Carolina	S2	Yes
Virginia	S4	Yes

Threat Assessments

Threat	Scope	Severity	Timing
7 - Natural system modifications	—	—	—
7.2 - Dams & water management/use	—	—	—
9 - Pollution	—	—	—
9.1 - Domestic & urban waste water	—	—	—
9.2 - Industrial & military effluents	—	—	—
9.3 - Agricultural & forestry effluents	—	—	—

Roadless Areas (1)

Pennsylvania (1)

Area	Forest	Acres
Allegheny Front	Allegheny National Forest	7,430

References (15)

Cooper, E. L. 1983. Fishes of Pennsylvania and the northeastern United States. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park. 243 pp.
Jenkins, R. E., and N. M. Burkhead. 1994. Freshwater fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. xxiii + 1079 pp.
Lee, D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt, R. E. Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and J. R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, North Carolina. i-x + 854 pp.
Maurakis, E. G., W. S. Woolcott, and M. H. Sabaj. 1991. Reproductive behavior of <i>Exoglossum</i> species. Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History 10:11-16.
Menhinick, E. F. 1991. The freshwater fishes of North Carolina. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. 227 pp.
Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Perez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. 386 pp.
Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 432 pp.
Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. xix + 663 pp.
Page, L. M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, R. L. Mayden, and J. S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Seventh edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, Bethesda, Maryland.
Page, L. M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. American Fisheries Society (AFS), Special Publication 37, Bethesda, Maryland, 439 pp.
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.
Smith, C. L. 1983. Fishes of New York (maps and printout of a draft section on scarce fishes of New York). Unpublished draft.
Smith, C. L. 1985. The inland fishes of New York State. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Albany, New York, xi + 522 pp.
Stauffer, J. R., Jr., J. M. Boltz, and L. R. White. 1995. The fishes of West Virginia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 146:1-389.
Trautman, M. B. 1981. The fishes of Ohio. Second edition. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, Ohio. 782 pp.

Exoglossum laurae

Habitat

Reproduction

—