Micranthes tischii

(Skelly) Brouillet & Gornall

Olympic Saxifrage

G2Imperiled (G2G3) Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
G2ImperiledGlobal Rank
Medium - lowThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.139432
Element CodePDSAX0U230
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderRosales
FamilySaxifragaceae
GenusMicranthes
Synonyms
Saxifraga tischiiSkelly
Other Common Names
Olympic saxifrage (EN) Saxifrage de Tisch (FR) Tisch's Saxifrage (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
Micranthes tischii (Skelly) Brouillet & Gornall was first described in 1988 as Saxifraga tischii Skelly from the Olympic Mountains (Washington) and Vancouver Island (British Columbia) in western North America (Skelly 1988). Brouillet and Gornall (2007) outline that as a result of recent phylogenetic studies, the genus Saxifraga, has been split into two genera: Saxifraga L. sensu stricto and Micranthes Haw. The new name for this plant is Micranthes tischii (Skelly) Brouillet & Gornall, which has been followed since 2007 (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2009). This species is closely related to Micranthes rufidula Small, but differs with its unusual persistent green, not clawed petals (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2009).
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2023-12-22
Change Date2023-12-22
Edition Date2023-12-22
Edition AuthorsNiese, J., rev. Maybury/Gamon (1996), rev. L. Morse (2004), rev. K. Gravuer (2010), rev. M. Anions (2010), rev. A. Frances (2020), rev. C. Nordman (2023).
Threat ImpactMedium - low
Range Extent20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences6 - 20
Rank Reasons
Olympic Saxifrage (Micranthes tischii) is a highly specialized regional endemic narrowly restricted to cool, shady ledges or rock crevices in subalpine or alpine sites of the Pacific Northwest region of North America. There are fewer than 20 known locations, including in the Olympic National Park in northwestern Washington, and in Strathcona Park on Vancouver Island and in the Skagit Valley Provincial Park area of the North Cascade Range, of southwestern British Columbia. The remote, rugged terrain this species inhabits protects it from most direct human disturbance. However, it is threatened by recreation impacts, stochastic events due its small population size, and climate change.
Range Extent Comments
Olympic Saxifrage (Micranthes tischii) occurs in northwestern North America, in the Pacific Northwest the United States (northwestern Washington) and southwestern Canada (southwestern British Columbia). It is a narrow regional endemic, only known from three disjunct areas (Skelly 1988). In Washington, the species occurs in the Olympic Mountains (in Clallam and Jefferson counties). In British Columbia, the species occurs on Vancouver Island and in the Skagit Valley Provincial Park area of the North Cascade Range. Range extent was estimated to be 41,000 square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1985 and 2023 (GBIF 2023, iNaturalist 2023, NatureServe 2023, SEINet 2023).
Occurrences Comments
Based on NatureServe Network occurrence data, herbarium records, and photo-based observations documented between 1985 and 2023, and anecdotal evidence, there are about 13 and between 6 and 20 occurrences of Olympic Saxifrage rangewide. There are about five occurrences, plus several historical occurrences in the Olympic Peninsula of western Washington. There about five occurrences on Vancouver Island and four in the Skagit Valley Provincial Park area of the North Cascade Range, in southwestern British Columbia (GBIF 2023, iNaturalist 2023, NatureServe 2023, SEINet 2023).
Threat Impact Comments
The rugged terrain (rock ledges, crevices) in remote locations that this species inhabits probably protects it from human disturbance, however many of these mountains are popular destinations of recreational hikers, mountain climbers, and winter sports. One location has an active mining operation nearby. It is not known whether any of these activities impact this species. Other threats include: frost heave, landslides, climate variability (drought) and climate change, and by stochastic events due its small population size (Wershow and DeChaine 2018).
Ecology & Habitat

Diagnostic Characteristics

Petals are not white, they are greenish, and often purple-margined (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2009).

Habitat

Micranthes tischii occurs in subalpine and alpine habitats in shallow, well-drained soil pockets on rock ledges and in rock crevices. Slopes are north to northeasterly, and the plants are often in cirques or near persistent snow patches, at elevations of 1300-2400 meters (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2009, Skelly 1988).

Reproduction

Micranthes tischii flowers from June to August. The petals are tiny, chlorophyllous, and remain alive and apparently photosynthetic after flowering and during fruiting. This characteristic may be an adaptation to to extend photosynthesis during a short growing season in a shady, microthermal environment (Skelley 1988).
Terrestrial Habitats
AlpineBare rock/talus/screeCliff
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN1
ProvinceRankNative
WashingtonS1Yes
CanadaN3
ProvinceRankNative
British ColumbiaS3Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentRestricted - smallSlight or 1-10% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
1.3 - Tourism & recreation areasRestricted - smallSlight or 1-10% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
6 - Human intrusions & disturbanceRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
6.1 - Recreational activitiesRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
11 - Climate change & severe weatherPervasive (71-100%)Moderate - slightHigh (continuing)
11.1 - Habitat shifting & alterationPervasive (71-100%)Moderate - slightHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (1)
Washington (1)
AreaForestAcres
Green MountainOlympic National Forest4,617
References (14)
  1. B.C. Conservation Data Centre (BCCDC). 2010. Conservation Status Report: Micranthes tischii. B.C. Ministry of Environment.
  2. Brouillet, L. and R. Gornall. 2007. New combinations in <i>Micranthes </i>(A segregate of <i>Saxifraga</i>, Saxifragaceae) in North America. J. Bot. Res. Inst.Texas 1(2):1019-1022.
  3. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2009. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 8. Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae. Oxford University Press, New York. xxiv + 585 pp.
  4. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2023. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2023).
  5. iNaturalist. 2023. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2023).
  6. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  7. McGuire, A.D., and W.S. Armbruster. 1991. An experimental test for reproductive interactions between two sequentially blooming <i>Saxifraga </i>species. American Journal of Botany 78(2):214-219.
  8. NatureServe. 2023. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  9. Perkins, W.E. 1978. Systematics of <i>Saxifraga rufidula</i> and related species form the Columbia River gorge to southwestern British Columbia. Ph.D. thesis. University of British Columbia. 179 pp.
  10. Skelly, R.J. 1988. A new species of Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae) from the Olympic Mountains, Washington, and Vancouver Islands, British Columbia. Madrono 35(2): 126-131.
  11. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2023. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2023).
  12. Washington Natural Heritage Program. 1994. Endangered, threatened and sensitive vascular plants of Washington. Dept. of Natural Resources, Olympia, Washington. 52 pp.
  13. Webb, D.A., and R.J. Gornall. 1989. Saxifrages of Europe. Timber Press. Portland, Oregon. U.S.A.
  14. Wershow, S. T. and E. G. DeChaine. 2018. Retreat to refugia: Severe habitat contraction projected for endemic alpine plants of the Olympic Peninsula. American Journal of Botany 105(4):760-778.