Macrhybopsis tetranema
(Gilbert, 1886)
Peppered Chub
G1Critically ImperiledGlobal Rank
EndangeredIUCN
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, https://www.usa.gov/government-works
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103660
Element CodeAFCJB53070
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNEndangered
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassActinopterygii
OrderCypriniformes
FamilyLeuciscidae
GenusMacrhybopsis
Synonyms
Hybopsis aestivalis tetranemusGilbert, 1886Macrhybopsis aestivalis tetranemus(Gilbert, 1886)
Other Common Names
Arkansas River Speckled Chub (EN)
Concept Reference
Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Perez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. 386 pp.
Taxonomic Comments
Macrhybopsis tetranema, M. hyostoma, M. marconis, and M. australis formerly were included in M. aestivalis but were recognized as distinct species by Eisenhour (1997, 1999). Genetic data support monophyly of M. australis and M. tetranema, but allozyme data suggest that both species appear to have undergone introgressive hybridization with the widespread M. hystoma (Underwood et al. 2003). Based on allozyme data, collections of M. aestivalis from the Rio Grande basin and M. marconis from the San Marcos River basin are markedly divergent from each other and from other members of the complex (Underwood et al. 2003). Phenotypic similarity of northeastern populations of M. tetranema and Arkansas basin M. hyostoma may reflect convergent adaptation to local conditions or past hybridization (Eisenhour 1999).
This species, as part of M. aestivalis, was removed from the genus Hybopsis and placed in the monotypic genus Extrarius by Mayden (1989); this change was adopted by Sublette et al. (1990) and Page and Burr (1991). Coburn and Cavender (1992) assigned this species, along with 3 other species of barbeled minnows, to the resurrected genus Macrhybopsis; this change was adopted in the 1991 AFS checklist (Robins et al. 1991). Closely related to M. gelida.
This species, as part of M. aestivalis, was removed from the genus Hybopsis and placed in the monotypic genus Extrarius by Mayden (1989); this change was adopted by Sublette et al. (1990) and Page and Burr (1991). Coburn and Cavender (1992) assigned this species, along with 3 other species of barbeled minnows, to the resurrected genus Macrhybopsis; this change was adopted in the 1991 AFS checklist (Robins et al. 1991). Closely related to M. gelida.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2012-03-01
Change Date2002-09-20
Edition Date2012-03-01
Edition AuthorsHammerson, G.
Range Extent5000-200,000 square km (about 2000-80,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences1 - 5
Rank Reasons
Native to the upper Arkansas River drainage in Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado; extant in only two river areas, one in Kansas and the other in New Mexico-Texas; extirpated from 90% of historical range; has declined due to dewatering of streams and possibly pollution; low-water dams and other obstructions have fragmented habitat and blocked upstream recolonization.
Range Extent Comments
Historically occurred in the upper Arkansas River basin in Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado; extant in two widely disjunct areas: Ninnescah River and an associated portion of the Arkansas River in Kansas and the South Canadian River between Ute and Meredith reservoirs in New Mexico and Teas (Eisenhour 1999, Luttrell et al. 1999).
Occurrences Comments
Extant in only two rivers (Luttrell et al 1999). Eisenhour (1999) mapped approximately 40 collection sites; these represent probably at least two dozen distinct occurrences (subpopulations).
Threat Impact Comments
Water impoundment and diversion projects, drought, and depletions of groundwater are likely causes of the decline; reservoirs and dewatered river stretches are barriers to recolonization and pose continuing threats (Luttrell et al. 1999). In Kansas, has declined due to dewatering of streams; pollution (oil, feedlot, pesticide) probably also have played a role; low-water dams and other obstructions have fragmented habitat and blocked upstream recolonization (Collins et al. 1995).
Ecology & Habitat
Habitat
Shallow channels of large, permanently flowing, sandy streams; prefers currents over a substrate of clean, fine sand; avoids calm water and silted stream bottoms (Collins et al. 1995).
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN1
| Province | Rank | Native |
|---|---|---|
| Colorado | SX | Yes |
| Texas | S1 | Yes |
| Kansas | S1 | Yes |
| New Mexico | S1 | Yes |
| Oklahoma | SH | Yes |
Threat Assessments
| Threat | Scope | Severity | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7 - Natural system modifications | — | — | — |
| 7.2 - Dams & water management/use | — | — | — |
| 9 - Pollution | — | — | — |
| 9.3 - Agricultural & forestry effluents | — | — | — |
Roadless Areas (2)
South Dakota (1)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Indian Creek | Buffalo Gap National Grassland | 24,666 |
Texas (1)
| Area | Forest | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| Big Creek | National Forests in Texas | 1,447 |
References (18)
- Collins, J. T., S. L. Collins, J. Horak, D. Mulhern, W. Busby, C. C. Freeman, and G. Wallace.1995. An Illustrated Guide to Endangered or Threatened Species in Kansas. University Press of Kansas, Wichita, Kansas.
- Cross, F. B., and J. T. Collins. 1995. Fishes in Kansas. Second Edition, revised. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History. xvii + 315 pp.
- Eisenhour, D. J. 1997. Systematics, variation, and speciation of the <i>Macrhybopsis aestivalis</i> complex (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) west of the Mississippi River. Ph.D. dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.
- Eisenhour, D. J. 1999. Systematics of <i>Macryhbopsis tetranema</i> (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Copeia 1999:969-980.
- Jelks, H. L., S. J. Walsh, N. M. Burkhead, S. Contreras-Balderas, E. Díaz-Pardo, D. A. Hendrickson, J. Lyons, N. E. Mandrak, F. McCormick, J. S. Nelson, S. P. Platania, B. A. Porter, C. B. Renaud, J. Jacobo Schmitter-Soto, E. B. Taylor, and M.L. Warren, Jr. 2008. Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes. Fisheries 33(8):372-407.
- Lee, D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt, R. E. Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and J. R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, North Carolina. i-x + 854 pp.
- Luttrell, G. R., A. A. Echelle, W. L. Fisher, and D. J. Eisenhour. 1999. Declining status of two species of the <i>Macrhybopsis aestivalis</i> complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in the Arkansas River basin and related effects of reservoirs as barriers to dispersal. Copeia 1999:981-989.
- Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Perez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. 386 pp.
- Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. xix + 663 pp.
- Page, L. M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, R. L. Mayden, and J. S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Seventh edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, Bethesda, Maryland.
- Page, L. M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. American Fisheries Society (AFS), Special Publication 37, Bethesda, Maryland, 439 pp.
- Propst, David. L. 2000. Review and annotation of fish watershed distribution maps. Review requested by Anthony E. Zammit, ABI. Endangered Species Biologist. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM. March 2000.
- State Natural Heritage Data Centers. 1996a. Aggregated element occurrence data from all U.S. state natural heritage programs, including the Tennessee Valley Authority, Navajo Nation and the District of Columbia. Science Division, The Nature Conservancy.
- Sublette, J. E., M. D Hatch, and M. Sublette. 1990. The fishes of New Mexico. University New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 393 pp.
- Underwood, D. M., A. A. Echelle, D. J. Eisenhour, M. D. Jones, A. F. Echelle, and W. L. Fisher. 2003. Genetic variation in western members of the <i>Macrhybopsis aestivalis</i> complex (Telesotei: Cyprinidae), with emphasis on those of the Red and Arkansas river basins. Copeia 2003:493-501.
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2020. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for the Peppered Chub and Designation of Critical Habitat. Federal Register 85(231):77108-77138.
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2022. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for Peppered Chub and Designation of Critical Habitat. Final Rule. Federal Register 87(39):11188-11220.
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2022. Review of Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notification of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions. Notification of Review Federal Register 87(85): 26152-26178.