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Calypte anna

(Lesson, 1829)

Anna's Hummingbird

G5Secure Found in 189 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
LowThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101647
Element CodeABNUC47010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
CITESAppendix II
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderApodiformes
FamilyTrochilidae
GenusCalypte
Synonyms
Trochilus icterocephalusNuttall, 1840
Other Common Names
Colibrí Cabeza Roja (ES) Colibri d'Anna (FR)
Concept Reference
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in The Auk]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
Taxonomic Comments
Howell and Webb (1995) merged Calypte with Archilochus. No subspecies are described.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodLegacy Rank calculation - Excel v3.1x
Review Date2016-04-07
Change Date1996-12-02
Edition Date2015-05-04
Edition AuthorsHammerson, G.
Threat ImpactLow
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of OccurrencesUnknown
Rank Reasons
Large nesting range mainly in Pacific states from British Columbia to Baja California; uses various natural and urbanized habitats; large population size; increasing in distribution and abundance; no major threats.
Range Extent Comments
Breeding range includes the Pacific slope of western North America from southwestern British Columbia, western and central Washington, western Oregon, and western California south to northwestern Baja California, including Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz, and San Clemente islands in California and Isla Guadalupe, Mexico; eastward in southern California to the edge of the Mohave and Sonoran deserts, and in the lower Colorado River Valley and across the southern third of Arizona (at lower elevations in mesic situations), with nesting probable but unconfirmed in extreme southwestern New Mexico (Peloncillo Mountains, Hidalgo County; one breeding record in Texas, Davis Mountains; nesting in Nevada is not known, but the species is present throughout much of the year (Howell and Webb 1995, AOU 1998, Clark and Russell 2012).

Winter range extends from central British Columbia south to central Baja California, and east to Utah (casually), southern Arizona, central New Mexico, northern Sonora, and northern Chihuahua, casually north to south-coastal Alaska, central British Columbia, and western Montana, and east to central New Mexico, northern Coahuila, and east-central and southeastern Texas, southern Louisiana, southern Mississippi, and southern Alabama (AOU 1998).
Occurrences Comments
The number of distinct occurrences or subpopulations has not been determined using standardized criteria, but this species is represented by a large number of observation/collection sites (e.g., see GBIF database, eBird) and locations (as defined by IUCN).
Threat Impact Comments
No major threats are known. In many areas, this species has benefited from habitat alterations (e.g., plantings that enhance nectar availability and nesting sites) associated with residential and commercial development.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Habitat includes open woodland, chaparral, scrubby areas, and partly open situations, including gardens and meadows, in lowlands and seasonally in montane regions (AOU 1998). Nests are in trees, vines, shrubs, or artificial substrates in wide variety of locations, from <1 to about 9 meters above ground (see Clark and Russell 2012 for further information).

Ecology

Males occupy territories for extended periods; territories are not necessarily related to food supply and quality (Powers 1987).

Reproduction

Breeding season varies with location. Clutch size is 2. Incubation, by female, lasts 14-19 days. Young are tended by female, leave nest in 18-26 days, independent in 1-2 weeks. Individual females produces two broods annually in many areas (Johnsgard 1983).
Terrestrial Habitats
Woodland - HardwoodWoodland - MixedShrubland/chaparralSuburban/orchardUrban/edificarian
Palustrine Habitats
Riparian
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
British ColumbiaS5Yes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
ArizonaS5Yes
OregonS4Yes
WashingtonS4B,S5NYes
New MexicoS3NYes
TexasSNAYes
CaliforniaSNRYes
NevadaS5Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
No known threats———

—

Roadless Areas (189)
Alaska (7)
AreaForestAcres
GravinaTongass National Forest37,381
MadanTongass National Forest68,553
North BaranofTongass National Forest314,089
North EtolinTongass National Forest40,993
RedoubtTongass National Forest68,347
RevillaTongass National Forest29,298
Sitka UrbanTongass National Forest112,003
Arizona (20)
AreaForestAcres
Black CanyonPrescott National Forest10,683
Black CrossTonto National Forest5,966
BoulderTonto National Forest40,359
Butterfly Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest42,296
Catalina St. Pk. Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest951
Cdo WsaCoronado National Forest1,955
ChiricahuaCoronado National Forest76,876
GaliuroCoronado National Forest28,333
GoldfieldTonto National Forest15,257
Happy ValleyCoronado National Forest7,972
HellsgateTonto National Forest6,171
Lime CreekTonto National Forest42,568
MazatzalTonto National Forest16,942
Middle Dragoon RoadlessCoronado National Forest10,543
Middle Romero WSRCoronado National Forest60
Oracle RoadlessCoronado National Forest22,365
PinalenoCoronado National Forest130,920
Santa TeresaCoronado National Forest8,929
TumacacoriCoronado National Forest44,594
WhetstoneCoronado National Forest20,728
California (126)
AreaForestAcres
AgnewSequoia National Forest9,561
AntimonyLos Padres National Forest40,911
Arroyo SecoAngeles National Forest4,703
Barker ValleyCleveland National Forest11,940
Bear MountainLos Padres National Forest913
Black ButteLos Padres National Forest5,116
Black MountainLos Padres National Forest16,818
Black Mtn.Sequoia National Forest15,102
Cactus Springs BSan Bernardino National Forest3,106
Cahuilla MountainSan Bernardino National Forest6,952
CajonSan Bernardino National Forest7,548
CalienteCleveland National Forest5,953
Callahan FlowKlamath National Forest3,231
Callahan FlowModoc National Forest6,618
CamuesaLos Padres National Forest8,209
Caples CreekEldorado National Forest17,854
Chalk PeakLos Padres National Forest7,472
ChannellSequoia National Forest45,429
ChicoSequoia National Forest39,836
Chips CreekLassen National Forest29,089
Circle MountainSan Bernardino National Forest6,375
City CreekSan Bernardino National Forest9,997
ColdwaterCleveland National Forest8,402
Coyote NorthInyo National Forest11,932
Crystal CreekSan Bernardino National Forest6,783
Cucamonga AAngeles National Forest1,249
Cucamonga BSan Bernardino National Forest11,933
Cucamonga CSan Bernardino National Forest4,106
Cutca ValleyCleveland National Forest14,530
CuyamaLos Padres National Forest19,631
Deep CreekSan Bernardino National Forest23,869
Devil GulchSierra National Forest30,490
DiableLos Padres National Forest19,597
Dinkey LakesSierra National Forest34,171
DomeStanislaus National Forest11,085
Domeland Add.Sequoia National Forest3,046
Dry LakesLos Padres National Forest17,043
Eagle PeakCleveland National Forest6,481
East YubaTahoe National Forest17,968
Ferguson RidgeSierra National Forest6,104
Fish CanyonAngeles National Forest29,886
Fox MountainLos Padres National Forest52,072
Granite ChiefTahoe National Forest6,546
Granite PeakSan Bernardino National Forest450
Greenhorn CreekSequoia National Forest28,226
GrindstoneMendocino National Forest26,031
Heartbreak RidgeSan Bernardino National Forest4,455
Hixon FlatSan Bernardino National Forest8,095
Horse Creek RidgeSan Bernardino National Forest8,969
Horse Mdw.Inyo National Forest5,687
HortonInyo National Forest5,717
IshiLassen National Forest21,805
JuncalLos Padres National Forest12,289
KellySix Rivers National Forest5,195
Kings RiverSierra National Forest52,999
La BreaLos Padres National Forest14,031
LaddCleveland National Forest5,300
LavasModoc National Forest25,864
Little French CShasta-Trinity National Forest11,529
Log Cabin SaddlebagInyo National Forest15,165
Lpoor CanyonLos Padres National Forest13,762
Magic MountainAngeles National Forest15,542
Malduce BuckhornLos Padres National Forest14,177
MatilijaLos Padres National Forest5,218
Middle ForkPlumas National Forest29,278
Middle YubaTahoe National Forest7,379
Mill CreekSequoia National Forest27,643
Mill PeakSan Bernardino National Forest7,884
Mirada PimeLos Padres National Forest13,302
MonoLos Padres National Forest28,141
MosesSequoia National Forest22,077
Mt. OlsenInyo National Forest2,161
Mt. RebaStanislaus National Forest3,869
Mt. Shasta AShasta-Trinity National Forest676
Mt. Shasta BShasta-Trinity National Forest2,809
Nevahbe RidgeInyo National Forest302
No NameCleveland National Forest4,897
NordhoffLos Padres National Forest12,031
North Fork American RiverTahoe National Forest38,495
North Fork SmithSix Rivers National Forest37,898
Orleans Mtn. BSix Rivers National Forest17,183
PaiuteInyo National Forest58,712
PantherShasta-Trinity National Forest12,016
Pine CreekCleveland National Forest503
Pleasant ViewAngeles National Forest26,395
PyramidEldorado National Forest24,347
Pyramid Peak BSan Bernardino National Forest7,194
QuatalLos Padres National Forest7,253
Raymond PeakStanislaus National Forest3,646
Raywood Flat BSan Bernardino National Forest11,373
Red MountainAngeles National Forest8,034
RinconSequoia National Forest54,610
Rock Creek WestInyo National Forest3,626
Rouse HillSan Bernardino National Forest13,745
Salt CreekAngeles National Forest11,022
San DimasAngeles National Forest7,160
San Gabriel AddAngeles National Forest2,527
San JoaquinSierra National Forest22,474
San SevaineSan Bernardino National Forest6,866
Santa CruzLos Padres National Forest21,182
Sawmill - BadlandsLos Padres National Forest51,362
Sespe - FrazierLos Padres National Forest106,910
Sespe - FrazierAngeles National Forest4,254
Sheep MountainAngeles National Forest21,098
Sill HillCleveland National Forest5,294
Skeleton GladeMendocino National Forest9,237
Slate Mtn.Sequoia National Forest12,299
Snow MountainMendocino National Forest14,457
Soldier CanyonInyo National Forest40,589
South ForkShasta-Trinity National Forest16,786
South SierraSequoia National Forest8,008
South SierraInyo National Forest41,853
Strawberry PeakAngeles National Forest7,245
SugarloafSan Bernardino National Forest8,206
TequepisLos Padres National Forest9,080
Timbered CraterLassen National Forest4,096
TrabucoCleveland National Forest23,341
Tragedy - Elephants BackEldorado National Forest20,866
TuleAngeles National Forest9,861
Weaver BallyShasta-Trinity National Forest829
WestforkAngeles National Forest4,407
White LedgeLos Padres National Forest18,632
WildhorseCleveland National Forest1,483
Wonoga Pk.Inyo National Forest11,272
WoodpeckerSequoia National Forest11,936
WoolstaffSequoia National Forest41,445
Idaho (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bear CreekCaribou-Targhee National Forest118,582
Nevada (3)
AreaForestAcres
Angel Peak NorthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest12,577
Charleston - CarpenterHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest17,828
Rose - Whites CanyonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest2,568
New Mexico (1)
AreaForestAcres
Peloncillo (NM)Coronado National Forest43,339
Oregon (12)
AreaForestAcres
Crane MountainFremont National Forest23,096
Hebo 1aSiuslaw National Forest13,930
HellholeUmatilla National Forest65,679
Mt. JeffersonDeschutes National Forest2,282
North PaulinaDeschutes National Forest19,670
Sky Lakes AWinema National Forest3,940
South KalmiopsisSiskiyou National Forests104,477
South PaulinaDeschutes National Forest9,074
TahkenitchSiuslaw National Forest5,799
TenmileSiuslaw National Forest10,818
Twin LakesMt. Hood National Forest6,055
WoahinkSiuslaw National Forest5,309
South Dakota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Indian CreekBuffalo Gap National Grassland24,666
Texas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Big CreekNational Forests in Texas1,447
Utah (5)
AreaForestAcres
418025Uinta National Forest32,698
Burch CreekWasatch-Cache National Forest6,938
CottonwoodDixie National Forest6,754
MogotsuDixie National Forest16,762
Pine Valley MountainsDixie National Forest57,673
Washington (12)
AreaForestAcres
Blue SlideWenatchee National Forest17,505
EntiatWenatchee National Forest72,617
Granite MountainOkanogan National Forest27,428
Mt. Baker MaMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest24,847
Mt. BaldyOlympic National Forest3,557
PompeyGifford Pinchot National Forest23,985
PressentinMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest14,545
Slide RidgeWenatchee National Forest11,430
South QuinaultOlympic National Forest11,081
TaneumWenatchee National Forest26,140
TeanawayWenatchee National Forest72,849
Thorp Mtn.Wenatchee National Forest22,717
References (17)
  1. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1983. Check-list of North American Birds, 6th edition. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. 877 pp.
  2. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
  3. Baltosser, W. H., and P. E. Scott. 1996. Costa's Hummingbird (<i>Calypte costae</i>). No. 251 IN A. Poole and F. Gill, editors, The birds of North America. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The Amerian Ornithologists' Union, Washington, DC. 32pp.
  4. BirdLife International. 2004b. Threatened birds of the world 2004. CD ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
  5. Bleiweiss, R., J. A. W. Kirsch, and J. C. Matheus. 1994. DNA-DNA hybridization evidence for subfamily structure among hummingbirds. Auk 111:8-19.
  6. Bureau of Land Management. Life History Summaries.
  7. Clark, C. J., and S. M. Russell. 2012. Anna's hummingbird (<i>Calypte anna</i>). The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, editor). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/226. doi:10.2173/bna.226
  8. Harrison, C. 1978. A Field Guide to the Nests, Eggs and Nestlings of North American Birds. Collins, Cleveland, Ohio.
  9. Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
  10. Johnsgard, P. A. 1983c. Hummingbirds of North America. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 304 pp.
  11. Montgomerie, R. D. 1979. Energetics of foraging and competition in some tropcial hummingbirds. Ph.D. dissertation, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.
  12. Parker III, T. A., D. F. Stotz, and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1996. Ecological and distributional databases for neotropical birds. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  13. Poole, A. F. and F. B. Gill. 1992. The birds of North America. The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. and The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA.
  14. Powers, D. R. 1987. Effects of variation in food quality on the breeding territoriality of the male Anna's hummingbird. Condor 89:103-111.
  15. Powers, D. R., and S. M. Wethington. 1999. Broad-billed Hummingbird (<i>Cynanthus latirostris</i>). No. 430 IN A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 20pp.
  16. Stiles, F. G. 1972. Food supply and the annual cycle of the Anna hummingbird. Univ. California Publ. Zool. 97: 1-109.
  17. Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.