Roadless Areas
Home/Species/ Rivoli's Hummingbird

Eugenes fulgens

(Swainson, 1827)

Rivoli's Hummingbird

G5Secure Found in 12 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
LowThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1009407
Element CodeABNUC37020
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
CITESAppendix II
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderApodiformes
FamilyTrochilidae
GenusEugenes
Other Common Names
Colibri de Rivoli (FR)
Concept Reference
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). Chesser, R.T., K.J. Burns, C. Cicero, J.L. Dunn, A.W. Kratter, I.J. Lovette, P.C. Rasmussen, J.V. Remsen, Jr., J.D. Rising, D.F. Stotz, and K. Winker. 2017. Fifty-eighth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk 134:751-773.
Taxonomic Comments
Formerly considered conspecific with E. spectabilis, but treated as separate on the basis of differences in plumage commensurate with those between other sister species of hummingbirds (Renner and Schuchmann 2004) and a lack of explicit rationale by Peters (1945) for originally merging the two; they had been treated as separate species by Ridgway (1911) and Cory (1918); also see Zamudio-Beltran and Hernandez-Banos (2015) (AOU 2017). No subspecies are recognized.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodLegacy Rank calculation - Excel v3.1x
Review Date2015-05-20
Change Date1996-12-02
Edition Date2015-05-20
Edition AuthorsHammerson, G.
Threat ImpactLow
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of OccurrencesUnknown
Rank Reasons
Large range from southwestern United States through much of Mexico to Panama; many collection/observation sites and locations; presumed large population size; probably relatively stable; no major threats, though habitat loss may be a concern in portions of the range.
Range Extent Comments
Breeding range extends from southeastern Arizona (including Santa Rita, Santa Catalina, Huachuca, Chiricahua, and Pinaleno mountains; Corman and Wise-Gervais 2005), southwestern (and probably also north-central) New Mexico (at least formerly), and western Texas (Culberson, Jeff Davis, and Brewster counties) south through the highlands of Mexico, Guatemala, western El Salvador, and Honduras to north-central Nicaragua, with several vagrant breeding season records farther north in the United States (AOU 1998; see Powers for further details). Winter range extends from from Sonora and Chihuahua south through the breeding range in Middle America, casually northward to southern Arizona and southern New Mexico (AOU 1998).
Occurrences Comments
The number of distinct occurrences or subpopulations has not been determined using standardized criteria, but this species is represented by a large number of observation/collection sites (e.g., see GBIF database, eBird) and locations (as defined by IUCN).
Threat Impact Comments
Habitat loss/degradation may be a concern in Mexico and Central America, but no specific information on threat impact is available.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Habitat includes pine-oak forest, pine forest, and montane evergreen forest in subtropical and temperate zones (AOU 1998); primarily along edges and in clearing in forests; also open woodland and scrubby areas (AOU 1983). See Johnsgard (1983) for more detail on specific areas. Nests are in trees or shrubs, 3-16 meters above ground, often near streams, usually fairly high in trees (Terres 1980, Johnsgard 1983).

Ecology

Maintains territory in some areas, "trapliner" in other areas (see Johnsgard 1983).

Reproduction

Egg dates: May-July in Arizona; nesting season is longer in south (March-November in Guatamala). Clutch size is 2.
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest - HardwoodForest - ConiferForest - MixedForest EdgeWoodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedShrubland/chaparral
Palustrine Habitats
Riparian
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN4B
ProvinceRankNative
ArizonaS4Yes
ColoradoSNAYes
TexasS3BYes
New MexicoS3B,S3NYes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureLarge - smallUnknownHigh (continuing)
5 - Biological resource useSmall (1-10%)Slight or 1-10% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
7 - Natural system modificationsSmall (1-10%)Slight or 1-10% pop. declineHigh (continuing)

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Roadless Areas (12)
Arizona (7)
AreaForestAcres
Butterfly Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest42,296
Cdo WsaCoronado National Forest1,955
ChiricahuaCoronado National Forest76,876
Happy ValleyCoronado National Forest7,972
Lime CreekTonto National Forest42,568
Oracle RoadlessCoronado National Forest22,365
Santa RitaCoronado National Forest6,078
New Mexico (5)
AreaForestAcres
Contiguous To Black & Aldo Leopold WildernessGila National Forest111,883
Contiguous To Gila Wilderness & Primitive AreaGila National Forest79,049
Devils CreekGila National Forest89,916
Meadow CreekGila National Forest34,167
South Guadalupe MountainsLincoln National Forest20,930
References (18)
  1. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1983. Check-list of North American Birds, 6th edition. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. 877 pp.
  2. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
  3. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). Chesser, R.T., K.J. Burns, C. Cicero, J.L. Dunn, A.W. Kratter, I.J. Lovette, P.C. Rasmussen, J.V. Remsen, Jr., J.D. Rising, D.F. Stotz, and K. Winker. 2017. Fifty-eighth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk 134:751-773.
  4. BirdLife International. 2004b. Threatened birds of the world 2004. CD ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
  5. Bleiweiss, R., J. A. W. Kirsch, and J. C. Matheus. 1994. DNA-DNA hybridization evidence for subfamily structure among hummingbirds. Auk 111:8-19.
  6. Corman, T. E., and C. Wise-Gervais, editors. 2005. Arizona breeding bird atlas. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. x + 636 pp.
  7. Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
  8. Johnsgard, P. A. 1983c. Hummingbirds of North America. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 304 pp.
  9. Monson, G., and A. R. Phillips. 1981. Annotated checklist of the birds of Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. 241 pp.
  10. National Geographic Society (NGS). 1983. Field guide to the birds of North America. National Geographic Society, Washington, DC.
  11. Ortiz-Pulido, R. and R. Díaz. 2001. Distribución de colibríes en la zona baja del centro de Veracruz, México. Ornitologia Neotropical 12:297-317.
  12. Parker III, T. A., D. F. Stotz, and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1996. Ecological and distributional databases for neotropical birds. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  13. Powers, D. R. 2013. Magnificent hummingbird (<i>Eugenes fulgens</i>). The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, editor). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/221.
  14. Ridgely, R. S. and J. A. Gwynne, Jr. 1989. A Guide to the Birds of Panama. 2nd edition. Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA.
  15. Sibley, D. A. 2000a. The Sibley guide to birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
  16. Stiles, F. G. and A. F. Skutch. 1989. A guide to the birds of Costa Rica. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA. 511 pp.
  17. Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
  18. Zook, J. L. 2002. Distribution maps of the birds of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. Unpublished.