Phlox subulata

L.

Moss Phlox

G5Secure Found in 28 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.152830
Element CodePDPLM0D1T0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderSolanales
FamilyPolemoniaceae
GenusPhlox
Other Common Names
moss phlox (EN) Phlox mousse (FR)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-04-01
Change Date1983-10-11
Edition Date2025-04-01
Edition AuthorsSoteropoulos (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Phlox subulata is a perennial herb in open, mostly rocky and dry, habitats occurring natively in eastern North America from southern Ontario, Canada and New York west to Ohio and south to western North Carolina, eastern Tennessee, and northern Georgia in the United States. This species is widely used in horticulture and has escaped or naturalized more widely throughout eastern North America. There are estimated to be hundreds of occurrences which are somewhat threatened by land-use conversion, habitat fragmentation, and forest management practices, and to a lesser extent by succession. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent and large number of occurrences, abundant habitat, broad habitat preferences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Phlox subulata occurs natively in eastern North America from southern Ontario, Canada and New York west to Ohio and south to western North Carolina, eastern Tennessee, and northern Georgia in the United States (Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025). This species is widely used in horticulture and has escaped or naturalized more widely in eastern North America (Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025). Range extent was estimated to be over 600,000 square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025 (RARECAT 2024, GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are hundreds of occurrences rangewide (RARECAT 2024, GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, NatureServe 2025, SEINet 2025). However, this taxon is commonly cultivated, and iNatualist observations (>6,000, mostly identified at the species-level) were not evaluated for evidence of cultivation (iNaturalist 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
This species is somewhat threatened by land-use conversion, habitat fragmentation, and forest management practices, and to a lesser extent by succession (Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project 2002).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Phlox subulata grows in "dry and exposed rock outcrops, rocky flood-scoured riversides, dry woodlands over a wide variety of rocks, shale barrens" (Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025).
Terrestrial Habitats
Woodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedBarrensBare rock/talus/scree
Palustrine Habitats
Riparian
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN1
ProvinceRankNative
ManitobaSNANo
Nova ScotiaSNANo
OntarioS1Yes
New BrunswickSNANo
QuebecSNANo
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
IndianaSNRYes
New YorkSNRYes
VermontSNANo
TexasSNANo
MinnesotaSNANo
MississippiSNANo
IllinoisSNANo
IowaSNANo
KentuckyS3Yes
MaineSNANo
MarylandSNRYes
AlabamaSNANo
North CarolinaS1Yes
WisconsinSNANo
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
New JerseySNRYes
Rhode IslandSNANo
OhioSNRYes
MichiganSNANo
MissouriSNANo
OklahomaSNANo
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
LouisianaSNANo
ConnecticutSNANo
ArkansasSNANo
MassachusettsSNRYes
DelawareSNRYes
New HampshireSNANo
TennesseeS1Yes
VirginiaS5Yes
West VirginiaS4Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (28)
North Carolina (1)
AreaForestAcres
Balsam ConePisgah National Forest10,591
Tennessee (1)
AreaForestAcres
Sampson Mountain AdditionCherokee National Forest3,064
Utah (3)
AreaForestAcres
Burch CreekWasatch-Cache National Forest6,938
Mt. Logan SouthWasatch-Cache National Forest17,014
Right Hand Fork LoganWasatch-Cache National Forest15,023
Vermont (1)
AreaForestAcres
Griffith Lake 09084Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,833
Virginia (17)
AreaForestAcres
Bear CreekJefferson National Forest18,274
Beards MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,505
Broad RunJefferson National Forest10,971
Crawford MountainGeorge Washington National Forest9,892
Elliott KnobGeorge Washington National Forest9,380
JerkemtightGeorge Washington National Forest16,687
Little AlleghanyGeorge Washington National Forest10,215
Little RiverGeorge Washington National Forest27,292
Mill MountainGeorge Washington National Forest10,840
North MountainJefferson National Forest8,377
Northern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest9,444
Oliver MountainGeorge Washington National Forest13,090
Peters Mountain Addition A (VA)Jefferson National Forest1,268
Price MountainJefferson National Forest9,119
Ramseys Draft AdditionGeorge Washington National Forest12,781
Southern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest11,985
Three SistersGeorge Washington National Forest8,149
West Virginia (5)
AreaForestAcres
Dolly Sods Roaring PlainMonongahela National Forest13,392
Falls Of Hills CreekMonongahela National Forest6,925
Middle MountainMonongahela National Forest19,020
North Mountain HopevilleMonongahela National Forest6,525
Peters Mountain Addition A (WV)Jefferson National Forest343
References (8)
  1. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  2. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  3. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  4. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  5. NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2024. Version: 1.1.1 (released Oct 01, 2024).
  6. Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project. 2002. A partnership between the U.S. Forest Service-Region 8, Natural Heritage Programs in the Southeast, NatureServe, and independent scientists to develop and review data on 1300+ regionally and locally rare species in the Southern Appalachian and Alabama region. Database (Access 97) provided to the U.S. Forest Service by NatureServe, Durham, North Carolina.
  7. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).
  8. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2025. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. Edition of February 18, 2025. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Online. Available: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu (accessed 2025).