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Nicotiana quadrivalvis

Pursh

Indian Tobacco

G5Secure Found in 24 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.155685
Element CodePDSOL0M0F0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderSolanales
FamilySolanaceae
GenusNicotiana
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
As treated here (following Kartesz, 1999), includes three varieties: bigelovii, quadrivalvis, and wallacei. Often treated as Nicotiana bigelovii (with a var. wallacei). Plants from South Coast of California with corolla limb > 50 mm wide have been called N. bigelovii var wallacei A. Gray. Widely cultivated by western American native peoples (Hickman, 1993). "Nicotiana quadrivalis Pursh, apparently based on plants cultivated by Indians of the Great Plains, was reported by Rydberg (1932) as "escaped in North Dakota" although specimen evidence cannot be located" and was not included in Flora of the Great Plains (1986). (David Ode, S.Dak. HP, attributes the type of N. quadrivalvis to a Meriwether Lewis collection of Oct. 12, 1804, from cultivation at the Arikara villages, in South Dakota.) Since N. quadrivalvis is the older name, it is used for this species when Pursh's plants are included in it, as in the 1999 treatment by Kartesz. The var. multivalvis, sometimes recognized, is not maintained by Kartesz in his 1999 treatment.
Conservation Status
Review Date1996-10-08
Change Date1996-11-22
Edition Date1995-11-13
Edition AuthorsAnnable, C. (1993), rev. L. Morse (1995), rev. J. Beckman (7/96), rev. L. Morse (2000)
Range Extent20,000-2,500,000 square km (about 8000-1,000,000 square miles)
Rank Reasons
Grows in open, well drained washes and slopes of California to Washington and Idaho, and formerly cultivated by Indians in the Western and Central U.S. In the western states, unclear which present-day occurrences are intrinsically natural, and which are derived from Indian cultivation of the species within its general native range.
Range Extent Comments
California (East of Sierra Nevada, Mojave Desert), to Washington state; also reported from Indian cultivation in the central US.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Open, well-drained washes, slopes; below 1500 meters in California (Hickman 1993).
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
CaliforniaSNRYes
OregonS1Yes
MassachusettsSNRYes
NevadaS1Yes
Plant Characteristics
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (24)
California (24)
AreaForestAcres
Black MountainLos Padres National Forest16,818
Cahuilla MountainSan Bernardino National Forest6,952
Circle MountainSan Bernardino National Forest6,375
Cucamonga BSan Bernardino National Forest11,933
Cutca ValleyCleveland National Forest14,530
Fish CanyonAngeles National Forest29,886
Fox MountainLos Padres National Forest52,072
Greenhorn CreekSequoia National Forest28,226
Hixon FlatSan Bernardino National Forest8,095
La PanzaLos Padres National Forest4,954
Machesna MountainLos Padres National Forest12,271
Magic MountainAngeles National Forest15,542
MatilijaLos Padres National Forest5,218
Mill CreekSequoia National Forest27,643
QuatalLos Padres National Forest7,253
Red MountainAngeles National Forest8,034
Rouse HillSan Bernardino National Forest13,745
Salt CreekAngeles National Forest11,022
San SevaineSan Bernardino National Forest6,866
Sawmill - BadlandsLos Padres National Forest51,362
Sespe - FrazierAngeles National Forest4,254
TuleAngeles National Forest9,861
WildhorseCleveland National Forest1,483
WoolstaffSequoia National Forest41,445
References (4)
  1. Great Plains Flora Association (R.L. McGregor, coordinator; T.M. Barkley, ed., R.E. Brooks and E.K. Schofield, associate eds.). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 1392 pp.
  2. Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. 1400 pp.
  3. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.