Physaria scrotiformis

O'Kane

West Silver Bladderpod

G1Critically Imperiled Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
G1Critically ImperiledGlobal Rank
HighThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.821152
Element CodePDBRA220S0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single state or province
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderCapparales
FamilyBrassicaceae
GenusPhysaria
Concept Reference
O'Kane, S.L., Jr. 2007. Physaria scrotiformis (Brassicaceae), a new high-elevation species from southwestern Colorado and new combinations in Physaria. Novon 17(3): 376-382.
Taxonomic Comments
Physaria scrotiformis was described in 2007 (O'Kane 2007).
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2023-03-28
Change Date2009-02-02
Edition Date2023-03-28
Edition AuthorsHandwerk, J. (2009), rev. A. Tomaino (2020), rev. J. Handwerk (2023)
Threat ImpactHigh
Range Extent250-1000 square km (about 100-400 square miles)
Number of Occurrences1 - 5
Rank Reasons
Physaria scrotiformis is endemic to southwestern Colorado, USA, where it is known from only four occurrences within a limited range. Potential threats include trampling and erosion from sheep grazing and hiking within occupied habitat. Physaria scrotiformis is also considered to be extremely vulnerable to the effects of climate change.
Range Extent Comments
Physaria scrotiformis is endemic to Colorado (USA) where it occurs on in the upper sub-alpine to lower alpine zone of the San Juan Mountains in La Plata and San Juan counties (O'Kane 2007, Colorado Heritage Program 2023). The estimated range extent in Colorado of 284 square kilometers was calculated in GeoCAT using occurrence data provided by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program (2023).
Occurrences Comments
There are four known occurrences, three of which are of unknown viability (Colorado Natural Heritage Program 2023).
Threat Impact Comments
All of the habitat of Physaria scrotiformis is contained within the Weminuche Wilderness Area (O'Kane 2007). However, "with no appropriate contiguous or nearby limestone substrate at higher elevations to allow for population migration, global warming could present a real threat to the species, especially if vegetation types at lower elevations were to invade the inhabited sites" (O'Kane 2007). Other threats may include sheep grazing and hiking; some populations are in the vicinity of popular hiking trails on the Continental Divide, and evidence of trampling, erosion and habitat alteration by sheep has been observed (CNHP 2023). This species is considered to be extremely vulnerable to climate change (Handwerk et al. 2015).
Ecology & Habitat

Description

Physaria scrotiformis is a long-lived perennial from a simple or sparsely branched underground caudex. While the fruit are rather distinctive (hence, the specific epithet), the flowers have not been seen. Plants are silvery-gray-green to silvery-purplish, the silver color due to a dense covering of trichomes. Stems are 0.8 to 3 cm long, unbranched, purplish, arising lateral (beneath) the erect or ascending tuft of basal leaves, prostrate to slightly decumbent, from stem tip to stem tip plants up to 10 cm, but typically less than 5.5 cm in diameter. Basal leaves are entire, oblanceolate, elliptic or rhombic, mostly flat, sometimes somewhat folded, attenuate at base and tapering to a slightly winged petiole. Apex rounded to rounded-acute, including the petiole, encrusted with trichomes. Cauline leaves are entire, elliptic to oblanceolate, short-petiolate to essentially entire, 3 to 7 per stem. Infructescence, not elongating appreciably, is a raceme with 3 to 7, more or less crowded fruits, these on straight, ascending pedicels 1.8 to 3.4 mm long. Silicles on stipes 0.2 to 0.5 mm long, ovoid to obpyriform, slightly but obviously didymous (especially in living material), apex rounded, flattened, or even slightly emarginate; base rounded-obtuse; wider than long; 3 to 4.5 mm long and 3.7 to 5 mm wide, the valves inflated and a little wider than the replum; valves glabrous within, the exterior with scattered tricomes; becoming purplish or greenish-purple at maturity; replum entire or medially small-perforate, obovate to rounded-obdeltoid, rounded to obtuse or truncate at the apex (O'Kane 2007).

Habitat

Grows on windswept, nearly barren exposures of Leadville limestone in a matrix of Picea engelmannii islands and tundra (O'Kane 2007). Associates on the nearly barren spots where the species occurs include Minuartia obtusiloba, Zigadenus elegans, Castilleja haydenii, Pseudocymopterus montana, Poa alpina, Hymenoxys grandiflora, Allium geyeri, Townsendia rothrockii and Trisetum spicatum. The plants grow in shallow soil between grey and tan-grey limestone cobbles (O'Kane 2007).
Terrestrial Habitats
AlpineBare rock/talus/scree
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN1
ProvinceRankNative
ColoradoS1Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureRestricted (11-30%)Unknown
2.3 - Livestock farming & ranchingRestricted (11-30%)Unknown
6 - Human intrusions & disturbanceSmall (1-10%)Unknown
6.1 - Recreational activitiesSmall (1-10%)Unknown
11 - Climate change & severe weatherPervasive (71-100%)Serious or 31-70% pop. decline
11.1 - Habitat shifting & alterationPervasive (71-100%)Serious or 31-70% pop. decline

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL, Long-lived
Economic Value (Genus)Yes
Roadless Areas (1)
Colorado (1)
AreaForestAcres
Pole Mountain / Finger MesaRio Grande NF43,863
References (4)
  1. Colorado Natural Heritage Program (CNHP). 2023. Biodiversity Tracking and Conservation System (Biotics 5). Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.
  2. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2010. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 7. Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae. Oxford University Press, New York. xxii + 797 pp.
  3. Handwerk, J., L. Grunau, and S. Spackman-Panjabi. 2015. Colorado Wildlife Action Plan: 2015 Rare Plant Addendum. Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
  4. O'Kane, S.L., Jr. 2007. <i>Physaria scrotiformis</i> (Brassicaceae), a new high-elevation species from southwestern Colorado and new combinations in <i>Physaria</i>. Novon 17(3): 376-382.