Fraxinus anomala

Torr. ex S. Wats.

Single-leaf Ash

G4Apparently Secure Found in 15 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G4Apparently SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.141843
Element CodePDOLE04020
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderScrophulariales
FamilyOleaceae
GenusFraxinus
Other Common Names
singleleaf ash (EN) Singleleaf Ash (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
In a recent phylogenetic analysis Wallander (2008) determined that Fraxinus quadrangulata and Fraxinus anomala are united with Fraxinus dipetala in the section Dipetalae.
Conservation Status
Review Date2010-11-17
Change Date1994-12-08
Edition Date2010-11-17
Edition AuthorsCordeiro, J.
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences81 to >300
Rank Reasons
It is found predominantly in the southwestern United States from southeastern California west to Colorado and south into Texas and northern Mexico. Threat and trend information are not known.
Range Extent Comments
It is found predominantly in the southwestern United States from southeastern California west to Colorado and south into Texas and northern Mexico (Munz and Keck, 1973; Vines, 1960; Kearney et al., 1960).
Occurrences Comments
Subspecies lowelli (if valid) is distributed in northern and central Arizona at 3200 to 6500 feet
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

It grows well on a variety of soil types, ranging from gravel to clay loams. It occurs more often on poorly-developed soils with 0.5 to 2.0 percent organic matter content (Pase and Brown, 1982). Sites are typically dry canyons or gulches with full exposure to sunlight and range from 3,000 to 11,000 feet (910-3,300 m) elevation (Munz and Keck, 1973). Singleleaf ash also colonizes talus slopes, dry hillsides, and alluvial deposits (Little, 1950; Vines, 1960]. Common plant associates of singleleaf ash include skunkbush sumac (Rhus trilobata), desert ceanothus (Ceanothus greggii), Arizona rosewood (Vequelinia californica), desert barberry (Mahonia fremontii), chokecherry (Prunus virginianus), and mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus spp.) (Pase et al., 1982). It grows around springs in valley bottoms, in stream canyons and other well-watered habitats in lower mountains (4000 to 6000 feet), and on relatively dry hillsides at higher elevations up to 11,000 feet (Beatley, 1976; Rhode, 2002). Subspecies lowelli is local in moist soils along streams and canyons; in oak wood and upper desert zones. In Utah it is generally found in canyons along streams or locations where moisture collects.

Reproduction

Sexual: Singleleaf ash samaras are mature by late summer or fall and are dispersed by wind shortly thereafter. Samaras are dormant, requiring warm, then cold stratification. Germination is epigeal and may occur the spring following dispersal. Samaras, however, can remain viable in leaf litter or humus for several years (Reed, 1993). Vegetative: Most ash species sprout from the root crown after logging or fire has removed aboveground portions of the plant (Barnes, 1985; Burns and Honkala, 1990). It is probable that singleleaf ash responds in such a manner.
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN4
ProvinceRankNative
UtahSNRYes
WyomingSNRYes
NevadaS3Yes
CaliforniaSNRYes
ArizonaS4Yes
New MexicoSNRYes
ColoradoS4Yes
Plant Characteristics
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (15)
Arizona (4)
AreaForestAcres
Arnold MesaPrescott National Forest12,286
Black CanyonPrescott National Forest10,683
MazatzalTonto National Forest16,942
MuldoonPrescott National Forest5,821
Nevada (2)
AreaForestAcres
Lovell Summit SouthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest28,455
PotosiHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,145
New Mexico (1)
AreaForestAcres
Devils CreekGila National Forest89,916
Utah (8)
AreaForestAcres
0419020Ashley National Forest355,684
Boulder Mtn. / Boulder Top / Deer LakeDixie National Forest110,690
Boulger - Black CanyonManti-Lasal National Forest23,286
Box - Death HollowDixie National Forest3,175
Capital ReefDixie National Forest763
CottonwoodDixie National Forest6,754
Long Neck Mesa / Steep Creek / Oak Creek - Steep Creek / OakDixie National Forest55,489
Pine Valley MountainsDixie National Forest57,673
References (14)
  1. Barnes, W.J. 1985. Population dynamics of woody plants on a river island. Canadian Journal of Botany 63:647-655.
  2. Beatley, J.C. 1976. Vascular plants of the Nevada test site and central-southern Nevada: Ecologic and geographic distributions. U.S. Department of Commerce, Energy Research and Development Administration, Technical Information Center, Springfield, Virginia.
  3. Burns, R. M., and B. H. Honkala, eds. 1990. Silvics of North America, vol. 2: Hardwoods. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook 654, Washington, DC. 877pp.
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. Kearney, T.H., R.H. Peebles, J.T. Howell, and E. McClintock. 1960. Arizona Flora. Revised 2nd Edition with supplement. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 1085 pp.
  6. Little, E.L., Jr. 1950. Southwestern trees: A guide to the native species of New Mexico and Arizona. Agriculture Handbook No. 9. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 109 pp.
  7. Little, E.L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native and naturalized). Agriculture Handbook No. 541. U.S. Forest Service, Washington, D.C. 375 pp.
  8. Munz, P.A., and D.D. Keck. 1973. A California Flora and Supplement. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. 1905 pp.
  9. Pase, C.P. and D.E. Brown. 1982. Interior chaparral. In: D.E. Brown (ed.) Biotic communities of the American Southwest--United States and Mexico. Desert Plants 4(1-4):95-99.
  10. Preston, R.J., Jr. 1948. North American Trees. The Iowa State College Press, Ames, Iowa. 371 pp.
  11. Reed, W.R. 1993.<i> Fraxinus anomala</i>. In: Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available online: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ (accessed 23 November 2010).
  12. Rhode, D. 2002. Native Plants of Southern Nevada An Ethnobotany. University of Utah Press: Salt Lake City, Utah. 188 pp.
  13. Vines, R.A. 1960. Trees, Shrubs and Woody Vines of the Southwest. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. xii + 1104 pp.
  14. Wallander, E. 2008. Systematics of <i>Fraxinus </i>(Oleaceae) and evolutionary dioecy. Plant Systematics and Evolution 273:25-49.