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Home/Species/ Scented Shootingstar

Primula fragrans

A.R. Mast & Reveal

Scented Shootingstar

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Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.150611
Element CodePDPRI030E0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderPrimulales
FamilyPrimulaceae
GenusPrimula
Synonyms
Dodecatheon redolens(Hall) H.J. Thompson
Other Common Names
scented shootingstar (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
Per Mast and Reveal (2007), "Primula fragrans A. R. Mast & Reveal, nom. nov., Dodecatheon jeffreyi var. redolens H. M. Hall, Bot. Gaz. 31: 392. 1901, non P. redolens Balf. f. & Kingdon-Ward, 1916. Replaces D. redolens (H. M. Hall) H. J. Thomps., Contr. Dudley Herb. 4: 143. 1953."
Conservation Status
Review Date2009-03-17
Change Date2009-03-17
Edition Date2001-01-17
Edition AuthorsMacBryde, Bruce, rev. K. Gravuer (2009)
Range Extent20,000-2,500,000 square km (about 8000-1,000,000 square miles)
Rank Reasons
This species occurs in moist to wet montane habitats (wet meadows, stream banks, seepages) within conifer forests and aspen woodlands from 2300 to 3600 meters elevation. Occurs mainly in the high southern Sierra Nevada (California), with scattered populations in (1) other southern and eastern California mountain ranges, (2) other basin ranges across central and southern Nevada to western Utah (Deep Creek Range), and (3) Independence and Ruby Mtns. in Elko Co., Nevada. Over 150 distinct herbarium specimens have been collected, though many of those collections occurred more than 30 years ago; occurrences have not been mapped and targeted surveys have not been conducted.
Range Extent Comments
Occurs mainly in the high mountains of the southern Sierra Nevada, with scattered populations in the San Jacinto, San Gabriel, and San Bernardino mountains of southern California. Also occurs in scattered desert ranges in the northern Mojave Desert. Range extends through basin ranges including Glass Mountain, the White and Panamint Mountains, and the eastern foothills of the Sierra Nevada (Inyo and Mono counties) in California, across central and southern Nevada to the Deep Creek Range in western Utah (Juab Co.), and in the Independence and Ruby Mountains of Elko County, Nevada (Hickman 1993, Holmgren et al. 2005, Reveal 2006).
Occurrences Comments
Occurrences have not been mapped for this species, and it does not appear that targeted surveys have been conducted within the major part of the range in Nevada/California. A search of large online databases retrieved approximately 165 distinct specimens, although only about 45 of these were collected after 1970.
Ecology & Habitat

Description

A perennial herb covered with dense glandular hairs. Leaves basal, 15-60 cm long, oblanceolate and tapered gradually to petiole, margins smooth (without lobes or teeth). Flowering stem leafless, (15-)25-60(-80) cm tall, with an umbel of 4-15 flowers. Flowers have 5 petals, joined into a tube at their base which covers the base of the anthers, then reflexing back as 5 separate 1.4-3(-3.5) cm long magenta to lavender lobes. Anthers are 7-11 mm long in total (terminal portion extends beyond petals) and dark maroon to black; the style extends beyond the end of the anthers and terminates in an enlarged stigma. Fruits have five values. Flowers late May-August.

Diagnostic Characteristics

In D. redolens, the corolla tube usually covers the filaments and the lower end of the anthers. In both Dodecatheon jeffreyi and D. alpinum, the corolla tube does not cover the base of the anthers. In addition, in D. redolens, the tips of the anthers are acute, whereas the anther tips in the other two species are truncate to obtuse (Reveal 2006).

Habitat

Moist to wet sites in the mountains such as moist to wet meadows, stream banks, and seepages. Occurs within montane to subpine conifer forests/woodlands (yellow pine, red fir, yellow pine-red fir, douglas fir, white fir, spruce) and aspen woodlands. 2300-3600 m.
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest - ConiferWoodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferGrassland/herbaceous
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDRiparian
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN4
ProvinceRankNative
CaliforniaSNRYes
UtahS1Yes
NevadaS3Yes
Plant Characteristics
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (16)
California (7)
AreaForestAcres
Boundary Peak (CA)Inyo National Forest210,884
Coyote SoutheastInyo National Forest53,159
North LakeInyo National Forest2,406
Pleasant ViewAngeles National Forest26,395
Table Mtn.Inyo National Forest4,215
TinemahaInyo National Forest27,060
Wonoga Pk.Inyo National Forest11,272
Nevada (9)
AreaForestAcres
Alta T - East BHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest21,732
Angel Peak NorthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest12,577
Boundary Peak (NV)Inyo National Forest21,851
Charleston - CarpenterHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest17,828
Charleston - ClarkHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,674
Charleston - Macks CynHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest11,378
Charleston - McfarlandHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest2,465
SugarloafInyo National Forest11,534
Table Mtn. - EastHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest87,789
References (13)
  1. Beatley, J.C. 1976. Vascular plants of the Nevada test site and central-southern Nevada: Ecologic and geographic distributions. U.S. Department of Commerce, Energy Research and Development Administration, Technical Information Center, Springfield, Virginia.
  2. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2009. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 8. Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae. Oxford University Press, New York. xxiv + 585 pp.
  3. Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. 1400 pp.
  4. Holmgren, N.H., P.K. Holmgren, and A. Cronquist. 2005. Intermountain flora. Volume 2, part B. Subclass Dilleniidae. The New York Botanical Garden Press. 488 pages.
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1988. A flora of Nevada. Ph.D. dissertation. Univ. of Nevada, Reno. 3 volumes. 1729 pp.
  6. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  7. Lloyd, R.M., and R.S. Mitchell. 1973. A flora of the White Mountains, California and Nevada. University California Press, Berkeley. 202 pp.
  8. Mast, A. R., and J. L. Reveal. 2007. Transfer of <i>Dodecatheon </i>to <i>Primula </i>(Primulaceae). Brittonia 59: 79-82.
  9. Munz, P.A. 1974. A flora of southern California. Univ. California Press, Berkeley. 1086 pp.
  10. Munz, P.A., with D.D. Keck. 1959. A California flora. Univ. California Press, Berkeley. 1681 pp.
  11. Reveal, J. L. 2006, 18 Dec last update. Revision of <i>Dodecatheon</i> (Primulaceae). Online. Available: http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/pbio/fna/dodecatheon.html (Accessed 2008)
  12. Stone, R.D. 1998. Endemic and rare plants of Utah: an overview of their distribution and status. Prepared for: Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation Commission, U.S. Department of the Interior by Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. 566 pp. + appendices. [https://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/ucdc/ViewReports/plantrpt.htm]
  13. Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, S. Goodrich, and L.C. Higgins (eds.) 1993. A Utah flora. 2nd edition. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, Utah. 986 pp.