Plethodon sherando

Highton, 2004

Big Levels Salamander

G2Imperiled Found in 5 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G2ImperiledGlobal Rank
VulnerableIUCN
High - mediumThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.757080
Element CodeAAAAD12550
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNVulnerable
Endemicendemic to a single state or province
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAmphibia
OrderCaudata
FamilyPlethodontidae
GenusPlethodon
Concept Reference
Highton, R. 2004. A new species of woodland salamander of the Plethodon cinereus group from the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. Jeffersoniana 14:1-22.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodLegacy Rank calculation - Excel v3.1x
Review Date2017-10-27
Change Date2005-01-13
Edition Date2017-10-27
Edition AuthorsDavidson, A.D.
Threat ImpactHigh - medium
Range Extent<100 square km (less than about 40 square miles)
Number of Occurrences6 - 20
Rank Reasons
Extremely restricted range (<80 km2); vulnerable to stochastic events, disease, climate change, and gene swamping. Currently not protected.
Range Extent Comments
Endemic to the central Blue Ridge Mountains of the southern Appalachians in Virginia (Highton 2004). Plethodon sherando is known to occur at elevations between 579-1,091 meters in a small area of 63 km2 - 73 km2 in the Big Levels region of Augusta County, Virginia; it has been taken sympatrically with P. cinereus at five sites at lower elevations (Highton 2004, Bayer et al. 2012).
Occurrences Comments
Fifteen populations are known in the Big Levels area of the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province of Augusta and Nelson counties, Virginia (Highton 2004). Additional surveys could reveal more populations.
Threat Impact Comments
Has extremely restricted range (<80 km2), making this species highly vulnerable to stochastic events, disease, climate change, and gene swamping. Currently not protected.
Ecology & Habitat

Diagnostic Characteristics

Morphologically, P. sherando most closely resembles P. cinereus (and P. serratus). Besides genetic differences between the species, P. sherando has longer legs, a shorter trunk (one less vertebra, on average) and a slightly wider head than P. cinereus.

Habitat

It occurs in temperate forests and on rocky talus slopes at elevations between 579-1,091 meters. It lives under dead leaves and bark. Terrestrial breeder.
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandBare rock/talus/scree
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN2
ProvinceRankNative
VirginiaS2Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
5 - Biological resource usePervasive - largeSerious - moderateHigh (continuing)
5.3 - Logging & wood harvestingPervasive - largeSerious - moderateHigh (continuing)
11 - Climate change & severe weatherPervasive - largeSerious - moderateUnknown

Roadless Areas (5)
Virginia (5)
AreaForestAcres
Adams PeakGeorge Washington National Forest7,135
Kelley MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,590
Saint Marys AdditionGeorge Washington National Forest1,454
The PriestGeorge Washington National Forest5,737
Three RidgesGeorge Washington National Forest4,745
References (3)
  1. Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]
  2. Frost, D.R. 2020. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Online: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html
  3. Highton, R. 2004. A new species of woodland salamander of the <i>Plethodon cinereus</i> group from the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. Jeffersoniana 14:1-22.