Cyclonaias tuberculata

Neemuchwala et al. (2023) designated Cyclonaias a monotypic genus consisting of the type species C. tuberculata and resurrected the oldest available generic epithet, Pustulosa, to represent the clade consisting of P. infucata, P. kieneriana, P. kleiniana, P. necki, P. nodulata, P. petrina, P. pustulosa, and P. succissa.

This is a wide-ranging species occurring in southern Ontario and throughout the upper Mississippi River drainage, south to Arkansas and Missouri and has experienced some declines in certain parts of the northern and outer limits of its range but is still common in others, particularly the southern parts of the range.

This species occurs in the Mississippi River drainage generally. In Canada, it is found in Ontario where it occurs in the Grand and Thames Rivers (Metcalfe-Smith and Cudmore-Vokey 2004). In the United States, it is found in the Lake St. Clair drainage, the Mississippi River basin from southern Minnesota south to Arkansas, and from the Ohio River drainage in western Pennsylvania (historically) west to eastern Oklahoma (Williams et al. 2008). It is widespread in the Cumberland River drainage and is found throughout the Tennessee River drainage in Alabama, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia (Parmalee and Bogan 1998, Williams et al. 2008).

In Minnesota, this species is found in large rivers with populations in the St. Croix River drainage where it is locally common and Mississippi River below St. Anthony Falls where it is rare (Sietman, 2003). In Illinois, it is found sporadically in the Kankakee (Sietman et al., 2001), Vermillion (Wabash), and Ohio Rivers (Cummings and Mayer, 1997) and Rock River (Schanzle et al., 2004); and recently in the Fox River basin in Illinois and Wisconsin only as weathered or subfossil shells (possibly extirpated) (Schanzle et al., 2004). Indiana distribution: East Fork White (Harmon, 1992), Blue (Sietman et al., 1995), Tippecanoe (Cummings and Berlocher, 1990), St. Joseph (Pryor, 2005). In Ohio, it is in the Ohio and western Lake Erie bains (absent from NE), Sandusky and Maumee, Great and Little Miami and Ohio Brush Creek, upper Muskingum and Scioto (Watters, 1992; 1995; Watters et al., 2009). In Kentucky, it is generally distributed to sporadic statewide (Cicerello and Schuster, 2003); including Middle Green and Barren Rivers (Cochran and Layzer, 1993). In Tennessee, it occurs in the main channels of the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers in middle and east Tennessee and most major tributaries (Parmalee and Bogan, 1998). In Alabama, it is confined to the Tennessee River drainage where it was historically widespread but is now in riverine reaches downstream of dams and in upper reservoir reaches; also Elk, Paint Rock Rivers, Bear Creek (Ahlstedt, 1996; Williams et al., 2008). In Mississippi, it occurs in the Tennessee drainage only (Jones et al., 2005). McGregor and Garner (2004) recently documented this species in the Bear Creek drainage in Alabama/Mississippi. In Wisconsin, it is known from the Chippewa River, St. Croix River down to the Mississippi River confluence in the northwestern part of the state only (Mathiak, 1979). It historically occurred in the Clinton (St. Clair drainage) river in Michigan (Strayer, 1980) and shells were recently found in the Grand River (Badra and Goforth, 2003). This species is widely distributed and common in the Middle and Upper New River drainages in Virginia (Pinder et al., 2002). It is known from the Upper Kanawha (Morris and Taylor, 1992) and New River drainages in West Virginia (Jirka and Neves, 1990). In North Carolina, it is known from the New River in Allegheny Co., only (Bogan, 2002; LeGrand et al., 2006). Branson (1983) cites it as possibly occurring in the Neosho and Illinois River drainages in Oklahoma. This species was recently collected for the first time in White (Christian, 1995) and Cache Rivers, Arkansas (Christian et al., 2005), although Gordon (1982) recorded it in the upper White. In Canada it is found only in Ontario where it occurs in the Sydenham (Metcalfe-Smith et al., 2003), Grand and Thames Rivers (Metcalfe-Smith and Cudmore-Vokey, 2004).