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Utterbackia imbecillis

(Say, 1829)

Paper Pondshell

G5Secure Found in 2 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
LowThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.113370
Element CodeIMBIV55010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryInvertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumMollusca
ClassBivalvia
OrderUnionoida
FamilyUnionidae
GenusUtterbackia
Synonyms
Anodonta imbecillisSay, 1829
Other Common Names
Utterbackie papyracée (FR)
Concept Reference
Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, P. M. Mikkelsen, R. J. Neves, C. F. E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F. G. Thompson, M. Vecchione, and J. D. Williams. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2nd Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26, Bethesda, Maryland. 526 pp.
Taxonomic Comments
This species was placed in the newly elevated genus Utterbackia by Hoeh (1990). Recently, Zanatta et al. (2007) supported the monophyly of both Pyganodon and Utterbackia using mutation coding of allozyme data, but also resolved the Eurasian Anodonta cygnea to Pyganodon, Utterbackia, and North American Anodonta; indicating further phylogenetic analysis of the Anodontinae is required including both North American and Eurasian species.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-07-04
Change Date1996-11-25
Edition Date2024-07-04
Edition AuthorsCordeiro, J. (2011); rev. T. Cornelisse (2024)
Threat ImpactLow
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
This species has a large range, many occurrences, and it has been documented across its range consistently in recent years.
Range Extent Comments
This species occurs in southern Ontario and Quebec, Canada and across the eastern United States, from South Dakota to Vermont, south to Florida and west to New Mexico as well as in northern Mexico from Chihuahua to Nuevo Leon, south to San Luis Potosi (Johnson 1999; Strenth et al. 2004; GBIF 2024; InvertEBase 2024).
Occurrences Comments
This species is known from > 1400 occurrences using a 2 km separation distance and records from 1993-2024 (GBIF 2024; InvertEBase 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
This species is threatened by the invasive zebra mussel, especially the populations in Canada as well as somewhat by urban runoff, and water diversion (Metcalfe-Smith and Cudmore-Vokey 2004; Schueler and Karstad 2007; New York Natural Heritage Program 2021).
Ecology & Habitat

Description

See Clench and Turner (1956).

Diagnostic Characteristics

Fairly elongate, greenish, thin-shelled, rayed, with posterior slope arcuate and pointing upward at end.

Habitat

This species is found in lakes, ponds, creeks, rivers, and reservoirs with muddy and/or sandy substrates, including in artificial waters (e.g., canals, boat basins, retention ponds, old phosphate pits) (Clench and Turner 1956; Johnson 1970; Heard 1979; Brim Box and Williams 2000).

Reproduction

This species has been reported to be a simultaneous hermaphrodite (i.e., both gametes maturing simultaneously in the same individual) (Hoeh, 1991).
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN2
ProvinceRankNative
OntarioS2Yes
QuebecS1Yes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
West VirginiaS2Yes
FloridaSNRYes
MissouriS4Yes
New MexicoS2Yes
South DakotaS1Yes
WisconsinS4Yes
IndianaS5Yes
OhioS4Yes
GeorgiaS5Yes
MichiganS2Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
South CarolinaS5Yes
KentuckyS4Yes
New YorkS2Yes
North CarolinaS5Yes
MarylandS3Yes
TexasS4Yes
PennsylvaniaS4Yes
ArkansasS3Yes
AlabamaS5Yes
KansasS3Yes
NebraskaSNRYes
VirginiaS4Yes
LouisianaS4Yes
MississippiS5Yes
IowaSNRYes
IllinoisS3Yes
TennesseeS5Yes
OklahomaSNRYes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
7 - Natural system modificationsRestricted (11-30%)Slight or 1-10% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
7.2 - Dams & water management/useRestricted (11-30%)Slight or 1-10% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8.1.2 - Named speciesRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
9 - PollutionSmall (1-10%)Slight or 1-10% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
9.1 - Domestic & urban waste waterSmall (1-10%)Slight or 1-10% pop. declineHigh (continuing)

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Roadless Areas (2)
North Carolina (1)
AreaForestAcres
Cheoah BaldNantahala National Forest7,795
West Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Middle MountainMonongahela National Forest19,020
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