Lampropeltis nigra

(Yarrow, 1882)

Eastern Black Kingsnake

G5Secure Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
LowThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1006257
Element CodeARADB19090
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassReptilia
OrderSquamata
FamilyColubridae
GenusLampropeltis
Synonyms
Lampropeltis getula nigra(Yarrow, 1882)
Other Common Names
Black Kingsnake (EN)
Concept Reference
Pyron, R. A, and F. T. Burbrink. 2009. Systematics of the Common Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula; Serpentes: Colubridae) and the burden of heritage in taxonomy. Zootaxa 2241:22-32.
Taxonomic Comments
Based on mitochondrial DNA evidence, ecological niche modeling, morphology, and historical precedence, Pyron and Burbrink (2009) determined that the traditionally recognized Lampropeltis getula comprises five distinct species: L. getula, L. nigra, L. holbrooki, L. splendida, and L. californiae. Crother et al. (in Crother 2012) accepted this taxonomic change. This species comprises the previously recognized subspecies L. g. nigra and L. g. holbrooki (part). Krysko et al. also recognized L. nigrita from Mexico and southeastern Arizona.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodLegacy Rank calculation - Excel v3.1x
Review Date2014-10-30
Change Date1997-02-26
Edition Date2016-04-09
Edition AuthorsMitchell, J. C., C. A. Pague, & G. Hammerson
Threat ImpactLow
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Rank Reasons
Widespread occurrence in a broad range of habitats in central eastern U.S., relatively common in many areas; no major threats.
Range Extent Comments
Range extends from western and southern Illinois, southern Indiana, southern Ohio, and southwestern West Virginia southward to the Gulf Coast of eastern Louisiana, Mississippi, and southwestern Alabama (east of the Mississippi River except apparently in southern Louisiana) (Pyron and Burbrink 2009); also southeastern Missouri (Edmond and Daniel 2021).
Occurrences Comments
The number of distinct occurrences has not been determined using consistent criteria, but this species is represented by a very large number of collection sites and locations (as defined by IUCN) (e.g., see Mount 1975, Blaney 1977:66).
Threat Impact Comments
Localized threats include habitat loss/degradation resulting from intensive urbanization, agriculture, and reforestation, and by collection for the pet trade, but on a range-wide basis the overall threat level is relatively low.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

This species occurs in dry rocky hills, open woods, dry prairies, stream valleys, and many other habitats.

Reproduction

Mates in spring, lays eggs in early summer, eggs hatch in late summer.
Terrestrial Habitats
Woodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedShrubland/chaparralSavannaGrassland/herbaceousOld fieldSuburban/orchard
Palustrine Habitats
Riparian
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
VirginiaS2Yes
West VirginiaS2Yes
IndianaS4Yes
MissouriS4Yes
GeorgiaSNRYes
TennesseeS5Yes
LouisianaSNRYes
KentuckyS5Yes
OhioS3Yes
IllinoisS5Yes
MississippiSNRYes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentSmall (1-10%)Moderate - slight
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureSmall (1-10%)Moderate - slight
5 - Biological resource useSmall (1-10%)Moderate - slight
5.1 - Hunting & collecting terrestrial animalsSmall (1-10%)Moderate - slight

Roadless Areas (1)
Indiana (1)
AreaForestAcres
Mogan RidgeHoosier National Forest8,435
References (9)
  1. Conant, R. and J. T. Collins. 1991. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians: eastern and central North America. Third edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. 450 pp.
  2. Crother, B. I. (editor). 2008. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Herpetological Circular 37:1-84. Online with updates at: http://www.ssarherps.org/pages/comm_names/Index.php
  3. Crother, B. I. (editor). 2012. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 7th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 39:1-92.
  4. Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]
  5. Crother, B. I., J. Boundy, J. A. Campbell, K. de Queiroz, D. R. Frost, R. Highton, J. B. Iverson, P. A. Meylan, T. W. Reeder, M. E. Seidel, J. W. Sites, Jr., T. W. Taggart, S. G. Tilley, and D. B. Wake. 2000 [2001]. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Herpetological Circular No. 29. 82 pp.
  6. Edmond, B.S. and R.E. Daniel. 2021. Missouri Herpetological Atlas Project. <i>Lampropeltis nigra</i>. Online: http://atlas.moherp.org/taxon/Lampropeltis-nigra
  7. Frost, D. R., and J. T. Collins. 1988. Nomenclatural notes on reptiles of the United States. Herpetological Review 19(4):73-74.
  8. Krysko, K.L., L.P. Nuñez, C.E.Newman, and B.W. Bowen. 2017. Phylogenetics of Kingsnakes, <i>Lampropeltis getula</i> complex (Serpentes: Colubridae), in Eastern North America. Journal of Heredity:1-13.
  9. Pyron, R. A, and F. T. Burbrink. 2009. Systematics of the Common Kingsnake (<i>Lampropeltis getula</i>; Serpentes: Colubridae) and the burden of heritage in taxonomy. Zootaxa 2241:22-32.