Agave chrysantha

Peebles

Golden Flower Agave

G4Apparently Secure (G4G5) Found in 18 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G4Apparently SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.153399
Element CodePMAGA01040
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicendemic to a single state or province
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderAsparagales
FamilyAsparagaceae
GenusAgave
Synonyms
Agave palmeri var. chrysantha(Peebles) Little
Other Common Names
Goldenflower Century Plant (EN) Golden-flowered Agave (EN) Golden-flowered Century Plant (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2026-01-21
Change Date2006-01-18
Edition Date2026-01-21
Edition AuthorsMaybury, K. (1996), rev. Soteropoulos (2026)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences81 to >300
Rank Reasons
Agave chrysantha is a perennial succulent, forb to shrub found in open habitats, on various substrates in desert scrub, grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodlands, and oak woodlands. It is endemic to the southwestern United States in central and south-central Arizona. There are over 200 occurrences with large subpopulations, which face threats from urban and industrial development, reservoir expansion, hybridization, and other threats in some places. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent and large number of occurrences, abundant habitat, and broad habitat preferences, this species is considered apparently secure.
Range Extent Comments
Agave chrysantha is endemic to the southwestern United States in central and south-central Arizona, where it has been documented in Cochise, Coconino, Gila, Graham, Maricopa, Pima, Pinal, and Yavapai counties (FNA 2002, Hodgson et al. 2020, SEINet 2026). Range extent was estimated to be over 50,000 square kilometers using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1994 and 2025 (RARECAT 2025, GBIF 2026, iNaturalist 2026, SEINet 2026).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are over 200 occurrences rangewide (RARECAT 2025, GBIF 2026, iNaturalist 2026, SEINet 2026). This taxon is occasionally cultivated, and observations were not evaluated for evidence of cultivation, though observations outside the native range were excluded.
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, this species is threatened by urban and industrial development, reservoir expansion, hybridization (with A. murpheyi, A. palmeri, A. parryi var. couesii, and A. delamateri), and other threats in some places, though there is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand scope and severity of threats for this species (FNA 2002, Hodgson et al. 2020).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Agave chrysantha grows in open habitats, on various substrates (including calciferous and sandy to gravelly places on granitic, basaltic, or volcanic soils) in desert scrub, grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodlands, and oak woodlands (FNA 2002, Hodgson et al. 2020).

Reproduction

This taxon flowers from late spring (May) through summer (August) (FNA 2002, Wildflower Center 2026). Plants are monocarpic, meaning they flower once in their lifetime and then die, and also occasionally sucker, producing rosettes at the base of parent plants, though reproduction primarily occurs by seed (FNA 2002, Hodgson et al. 2020).
Terrestrial Habitats
Woodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedShrubland/chaparralGrassland/herbaceousDesert
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN4
ProvinceRankNative
ArizonaS4Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
1.1 - Housing & urban areasUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
1.2 - Commercial & industrial areasUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
7 - Natural system modificationsUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
7.2 - Dams & water management/useUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
7.2.10 - Large DamsUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
8.3 - Introduced genetic materialUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)Yes
Roadless Areas (18)
Arizona (18)
AreaForestAcres
Arnold MesaPrescott National Forest12,286
Black CrossTonto National Forest5,966
Blind Indian CreekPrescott National Forest26,847
BoulderTonto National Forest40,359
Butterfly Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest42,296
Catalina St. Pk. Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest951
Cimarron HillsCoconino National Forest5,303
GaliuroCoronado National Forest28,333
GoldfieldTonto National Forest15,257
HellsgateTonto National Forest6,171
Horse MesaTonto National Forest9,146
Lime CreekTonto National Forest42,568
MazatzalTonto National Forest16,942
Oracle RoadlessCoronado National Forest22,365
Pine Mountain Wilderness ContiguousPrescott National Forest3,129
Pine Mountain Wilderness ContiguousTonto National Forest6,518
Santa TeresaCoronado National Forest8,929
Sierra Ancha Wilderness ContiguousTonto National Forest7,787
References (12)
  1. Benson, L., and R.A. Darrow. 1981. Trees and shrubs of the southwestern deserts. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson. 411 pp. + plates.
  2. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 26. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxvi + 723 pp.
  3. Gentry, H.S. 1982. Agaves of continental North America. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson.
  4. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2026. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2026).
  5. Hodgson, W., Puente, R., and A. Salywon. 2020. <i>Agave chrysantha</i>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T114937213A114963501. Online. Available: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T114937213A114963501.en (accessed 2026).
  6. iNaturalist. 2026. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2026).
  7. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  8. Kearney, T.H., R.H. Peebles, and collaborators. 1951. Arizona flora. 2nd edition with Supplement (1960) by J.T. Howell, E. McClintock, and collaborators. Univ. California Press, Berkeley. 1085 pp.
  9. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  10. Southwest Desert Flora. 2026. Southwest Desert Flora: Home to the plants of the Sonoran, Chihuahuan and Mojave Deserts. Online. Available: https://southwestdesertflora.com/index.html (accessed 2026).
  11. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2026. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2026).
  12. Wildflower Center. 2026. Native Plant Database. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Austin Texas. Online. Available: https://www.wildflower.org/plants/ (accessed 2026).