Ageratina altissima

(L.) King & H.E. Robins.

White Snakeroot

G5Secure Found in 72 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.131913
Element CodePDASTBX0D0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderAsterales
FamilyAsteraceae
GenusAgeratina
Other Common Names
Eupatoire rugueuse (FR) white snakeroot (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
This record is for the broad treatment of Ageratina altissima, including A. altissima var. roanensis as a variety, as recognized by Kartesz (1994, 1999) and FNA (2006, vol. 21). Weakley et al. (2023) exclude A. roanensis as a distinct species. FNA's (2006) treatment includes Ageratina altissima var. angustata in A. altissima var. altissima while Kartesz (1999) treats these as distinct.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-08-07
Change Date1990-03-07
Edition Date2024-08-07
Edition AuthorsN. Ventrella (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Ageratina altissima is a perennial herb occurring in moist forests, cove forests, forests of northern red oak, and oak-chestnut, sucessional and disturbed forests, and in old fields of eastern and central North America from Ontario east to Nova Scotia, Canada, south to Florida, west to Texas, and north to North Dakota in the United States. There are over 4,000 estimated occurrences of this species range-wide, which are potentially threatened by development, rights-of-way maintenance, and invasive species. Little is known about threats or trends, but with a large range extent and large number of occurrences, Ageratina altissima is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Ageratina altissima occurs in eastern and central North America from Ontario east to Nova Scotia, Canada, south to Florida, west to Texas, and north to North Dakota in the United States (FNA 2006). Range extent was estimated to be over 3.9 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 2022 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024). See individual entries for distribution details about the two varieties.
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium records and photo-based observations documented between 2022 and 2024, there are estimated to be over 4,000 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Ageratina altissima is potentially threatened by development, rights-of-way maintenance, invasive species, and other threats in some places. However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range, large number of occurrences, tolerance of light disturbance, and affinity for typically abundant habitats, as well as no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Ageratina altissima occurs in moist forests, cove forests, forests of northern red oak, and oak-chestnut, successional and disturbed forests, and in old fields (FNA 2006, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2024).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest - HardwoodForest EdgeOld field
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
PennsylvaniaSNRYes
AlabamaSNRYes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
MichiganSNRYes
West VirginiaS5Yes
KentuckySNRYes
VermontS5Yes
MarylandSNRYes
South DakotaSNRYes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
DelawareSNRYes
KansasSNRYes
IllinoisSNRYes
OhioSNRYes
MissouriSNRYes
MinnesotaSNRYes
TexasSNRYes
NebraskaSNRYes
GeorgiaS5Yes
North CarolinaS5Yes
ArkansasSNRYes
OklahomaSNRYes
VirginiaS5Yes
New HampshireSNRYes
ConnecticutSNRYes
North DakotaSNRYes
IowaSNRYes
MaineSNRYes
MississippiSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
New JerseySNRYes
South CarolinaSNRYes
New YorkSNRYes
IndianaS5Yes
MassachusettsSNRYes
TennesseeS5Yes
LouisianaSNRYes
FloridaSNRYes
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
OntarioS5Yes
New BrunswickS4Yes
QuebecSNRYes
Nova ScotiaS1Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (72)
Arkansas (4)
AreaForestAcres
Brush HeapOuachita National Forest4,205
Clifty CanyonOzark-St. Francis National Forest1,963
Dismal CreekOzark-St. Francis National Forest9,160
Pedestal RocksOzark-St. Francis National Forest21,957
Georgia (4)
AreaForestAcres
Boggs CreekChattahoochee National Forest2,073
Helton CreekChattahoochee National Forest2,348
Lance CreekChattahoochee National Forest9,025
Pink KnobChattahoochee National Forest12,127
Idaho (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bear CreekCaribou-Targhee National Forest118,582
Maine (1)
AreaForestAcres
Caribou - Speckled ExtWhite Mountain National Forest5,988
New Hampshire (5)
AreaForestAcres
KearsargeWhite Mountain National Forest4,554
KilkennyWhite Mountain National Forest28,766
PemigewassetWhite Mountain National Forest32,255
Pemigewasset ExtWhite Mountain National Forest15,840
Presidential - Dry River ExtWhite Mountain National Forest10,555
North Carolina (18)
AreaForestAcres
Bald MountainPisgah National Forest11,085
Balsam ConePisgah National Forest10,591
BearwallowPisgah National Forest4,113
Cheoah BaldNantahala National Forest7,795
Craggy MountainPisgah National Forest2,657
Graveyard Ridge (addition)Pisgah National Forest1,958
Jarrett CreekPisgah National Forest7,485
Laurel MountainPisgah National Forest5,683
Linville Gorge AdditionPisgah National Forest2,809
Lost CovePisgah National Forest5,944
Mackey MountainPisgah National Forest5,934
Overflow CreekNantahala National Forest3,379
Sam Knob (addition)Pisgah National Forest2,576
SnowbirdNantahala National Forest8,489
Tusquitee BaldNantahala National Forest13,670
Wesser BaldNantahala National Forest4,061
Wilson CreekPisgah National Forest4,863
Woods MountainPisgah National Forest9,602
Pennsylvania (3)
AreaForestAcres
Allegheny FrontAllegheny National Forest7,430
Tracy RidgeAllegheny National Forest9,034
Verbeck IslandAllegheny National Forest14
Tennessee (5)
AreaForestAcres
Bald MountainCherokee National Forest11,743
Brushy RidgeCherokee National Forest7,469
Flint Mill GapCherokee National Forest9,494
London Bridge BranchCherokee National Forest3,387
Sycamore CreekCherokee National Forest6,984
Texas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Big CreekNational Forests in Texas1,447
Vermont (3)
AreaForestAcres
Griffith Lake 09084Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,833
Lye Brook Addition 09085Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,111
Woodford 09086Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests2,456
Virginia (18)
AreaForestAcres
Brush MountainJefferson National Forest6,002
Brush Mountain EastJefferson National Forest4,916
Elliott KnobGeorge Washington National Forest9,380
Gum RunGeorge Washington National Forest12,620
JerkemtightGeorge Washington National Forest16,687
Laurel ForkGeorge Washington National Forest9,967
Little RiverGeorge Washington National Forest27,292
Mill MountainGeorge Washington National Forest10,840
Mt. PleasantGeorge Washington National Forest8,933
North MountainJefferson National Forest8,377
Northern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest9,444
Oak KnobGeorge Washington National Forest10,882
Peters Mountain Addition BJefferson National Forest2,909
Ramseys Draft AdditionGeorge Washington National Forest12,781
Seng MountainJefferson National Forest6,428
SkidmoreGeorge Washington National Forest5,641
Southern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest11,985
The PriestGeorge Washington National Forest5,737
West Virginia (9)
AreaForestAcres
Canaan LoopMonongahela National Forest7,867
Cranberry AdditionMonongahela National Forest11,123
Dolly Sods Roaring PlainMonongahela National Forest13,392
Dry River (WV)George Washington National Forest7,331
Glady ForkMonongahela National Forest3,239
Laurel ForkMonongahela National Forest1,172
Mcgowan MountainMonongahela National Forest10,504
Middle MountainMonongahela National Forest19,020
Seneca CreekMonongahela National Forest22,287
References (7)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2006c. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 21. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxii + 616 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  3. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
  6. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).
  7. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2023. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of April 14, 2023. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2105 pp.