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Arisaema triphyllum

(L.) Schott

Jack-in-the-Pulpit

G5Secure Found in 120 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.132762
Element CodePMARA04040
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderArales
FamilyAraceae
GenusArisaema
Other Common Names
Arisème petit-prêcheur (FR) Jack in the pulpit (EN) Jack-in-the-Pulpit (EN) Swamp Jack-in-the-Pulpit (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
This record is for a broad treatment of Arisaema triphyllum as recognized by Thompson in FNA (2000, vol. 22) who does not recognize distinct subspecies in Arisaema triphyllum but does include a key to distinguish ssp. stewardsonii and ssp. pusillum (but not ssp. quinatum). Weakley et al (2024) recognize a narrow treatment of A. triphyllum which excludes A. triphyllum ssp. pusillum, ssp. quinatum, and ssp. stewardsonii as distinct species.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-07-19
Change Date1984-02-09
Edition Date2024-07-19
Edition AuthorsSoteropoulos (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Arisaema triphyllum is a wide-ranging perennial herb in a variety of forested habitats occurring in eastern and central North America from Nova Scotia west to Manitoba, Canada south to Florida west to Texas, United States. This species complex has been variously treated, and additional research is needed to delimit concepts. Threats include development, rights-of-way maintenance, logging, recreational activities, hydrological alteration, deer browse, and invasive species. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent and large number of occurrences, abundant habitat, broad habitat preferences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Arisaema triphyllum occurs in eastern and central North America from Nova Scotia west to Manitoba, Canada south to Florida west to Texas, United States (FNA 2000). See individual entries for detribution details about this species complex. Range extent was estimated to be over 4.5 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are thousands of occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, NatureServe 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, this species is potentially threatened by development, rights-of-way maintenance, logging, recreational activities, hydrological alteration, deer browse, invasive species, and other threats in some places. However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range, large number of occurrences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Arisaema triphyllum grows in "moist to dry deciduous woods and thickets, bottoms, swamps, and bogs" (FNA 2000).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest - HardwoodForest - Mixed
Palustrine Habitats
FORESTED WETLANDBog/fen
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
South DakotaSNRYes
North CarolinaS5Yes
VirginiaS5Yes
TennesseeSNRYes
New HampshireSNRYes
DelawareSNRYes
KansasSNRYes
MississippiSNRYes
GeorgiaS5Yes
IowaS4Yes
New YorkSNRYes
ConnecticutSNRYes
LouisianaSNRYes
AlabamaSNRYes
OklahomaSNRYes
West VirginiaS5Yes
New JerseySNRYes
IndianaS5Yes
South CarolinaS5Yes
IllinoisS5Yes
MarylandSNRYes
MissouriSNRYes
MinnesotaSNRYes
MaineSNRYes
NebraskaSNRYes
North DakotaSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
VermontS5Yes
MichiganSNRYes
ArkansasSNRYes
TexasSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
KentuckyS5Yes
OhioSNRYes
FloridaS4Yes
District of ColumbiaS5Yes
WisconsinSNRYes
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
Nova ScotiaS5Yes
OntarioS5Yes
Prince Edward IslandS4Yes
ManitobaS1Yes
QuebecSNRYes
New BrunswickS5Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined———

—

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (120)
Arkansas (5)
AreaForestAcres
Clifty CanyonOzark-St. Francis National Forest1,963
Devils CanyonOzark-St. Francis National Forest1,877
East ForkOzark-St. Francis National Forest13,037
Gee CreekOzark-St. Francis National Forest7,957
Richland CreekOzark-St. Francis National Forest571
Georgia (8)
AreaForestAcres
Ben GapChattahoochee National Forest1,292
Helton CreekChattahoochee National Forest2,348
Kelly RidgeChattahoochee National Forest8,325
Ken MountainChattahoochee National Forest527
Lance CreekChattahoochee National Forest9,025
Pink KnobChattahoochee National Forest12,127
Sarah's CreekChattahoochee National Forest6,888
Turner CreekChattahoochee National Forest1,495
Idaho (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bear CreekCaribou-Targhee National Forest118,582
Illinois (1)
AreaForestAcres
Ripple HollowShawnee National Forest3,788
Indiana (1)
AreaForestAcres
Mogan RidgeHoosier National Forest8,435
Kentucky (1)
AreaForestAcres
WolfpenDaniel Boone National Forest2,835
Maine (1)
AreaForestAcres
Caribou - Speckled ExtWhite Mountain National Forest5,988
Michigan (1)
AreaForestAcres
Bear SwampHuron-Manistee National Forest3,915
New Hampshire (12)
AreaForestAcres
Carr MountainWhite Mountain National Forest17,110
Dartmouth RangeWhite Mountain National Forest9,233
Great Gulf Ext.White Mountain National Forest15,110
JobildunkWhite Mountain National Forest3,660
KilkennyWhite Mountain National Forest28,766
Kinsman MountainWhite Mountain National Forest8,999
Mt. Wolf - Gordon PondWhite Mountain National Forest11,846
PemigewassetWhite Mountain National Forest32,255
Pemigewasset ExtWhite Mountain National Forest15,840
Presidential - Dry River ExtWhite Mountain National Forest10,555
Sandwich RangeWhite Mountain National Forest16,797
Wild RiverWhite Mountain National Forest46,878
North Carolina (22)
AreaForestAcres
Bald MountainPisgah National Forest11,085
Balsam ConePisgah National Forest10,591
BearwallowPisgah National Forest4,113
Big Indian (addition)Nantahala National Forest1,155
Cheoah BaldNantahala National Forest7,795
Chunky Gal (addition)Nantahala National Forest3,336
Craggy MountainPisgah National Forest2,657
Graveyard Ridge (addition)Pisgah National Forest1,958
Harper CreekPisgah National Forest7,325
Jarrett CreekPisgah National Forest7,485
Laurel MountainPisgah National Forest5,683
Little Indian (addition)Nantahala National Forest640
Lost CovePisgah National Forest5,944
Mackey MountainPisgah National Forest5,934
Middle Prong AdditionPisgah National Forest1,852
Pond Pine BCroatan National Forest2,961
Sam Knob (addition)Pisgah National Forest2,576
Sheep Ridge AdditionCroatan National Forest5,808
SnowbirdNantahala National Forest8,489
South Mills RiverPisgah National Forest8,588
Wilson CreekPisgah National Forest4,863
Woods MountainPisgah National Forest9,602
Oklahoma (1)
AreaForestAcres
Beech CreekOuachita National Forest8,303
Pennsylvania (4)
AreaForestAcres
Allegheny FrontAllegheny National Forest7,430
Hearts ContentAllegheny National Forest221
Minister ValleyAllegheny National Forest1,417
Tracy RidgeAllegheny National Forest9,034
South Carolina (1)
AreaForestAcres
Ellicott Rock 2Sumter National Forest517
Tennessee (10)
AreaForestAcres
Bald MountainCherokee National Forest11,743
Beaver Dam CreekCherokee National Forest5,070
Big Laurel Branch AdditionCherokee National Forest5,577
Brushy RidgeCherokee National Forest7,469
Devil's BackboneCherokee National Forest4,287
Flint Mill GapCherokee National Forest9,494
London Bridge BranchCherokee National Forest3,387
Sampson Mountain AdditionCherokee National Forest3,064
Stone MountainCherokee National Forest5,367
Sycamore CreekCherokee National Forest6,984
Texas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Big CreekNational Forests in Texas1,447
Vermont (5)
AreaForestAcres
Bread LoafGreen Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,768
Devil's Den 09083Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests9,169
Griffith Lake 09084Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,833
Wilder Mountain 09082Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests8,759
Woodford 09086Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests2,456
Virginia (26)
AreaForestAcres
Adams PeakGeorge Washington National Forest7,135
Bear CreekJefferson National Forest18,274
Beartown Addition BJefferson National Forest2,985
Beaver Dam CreekJefferson National Forest1,135
Broad RunJefferson National Forest10,971
Brush MountainJefferson National Forest6,002
Brushy MountainJefferson National Forest4,168
Gum RunGeorge Washington National Forest12,620
Hunting Camp Little Wolf CreekJefferson National Forest8,953
JerkemtightGeorge Washington National Forest16,687
Kelley MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,590
Lewis Fork AdditionJefferson National Forest749
Little RiverGeorge Washington National Forest27,292
Mountain Lake Addition AJefferson National Forest1,469
Mt. PleasantGeorge Washington National Forest8,933
New London Bridge BranchJefferson National Forest844
North MountainJefferson National Forest8,377
Northern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest9,444
Raccoon BranchJefferson National Forest4,388
Ramseys Draft AdditionGeorge Washington National Forest12,781
Saint Marys AdditionGeorge Washington National Forest1,454
Seng MountainJefferson National Forest6,428
SkidmoreGeorge Washington National Forest5,641
Southern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest11,985
The PriestGeorge Washington National Forest5,737
Three RidgesGeorge Washington National Forest4,745
West Virginia (14)
AreaForestAcres
Canaan LoopMonongahela National Forest7,867
Cranberry AdditionMonongahela National Forest11,123
Cranberry Glades Botanical AreaMonongahela National Forest785
Dolly Sods Roaring PlainMonongahela National Forest13,392
Dry ForkMonongahela National Forest657
Dry River (WV)George Washington National Forest7,331
East Fork Of GreenbrierMonongahela National Forest7,167
Falls Of Hills CreekMonongahela National Forest6,925
Gauley MountainMonongahela National Forest13,285
Mcgowan MountainMonongahela National Forest10,504
Middle MountainMonongahela National Forest19,020
Seneca CreekMonongahela National Forest22,287
Tea Creek MountainMonongahela National Forest8,295
Turkey MountainMonongahela National Forest6,421
Wisconsin (5)
AreaForestAcres
09011 - Flynn Lake Study AreaChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest5,951
09012 - Round Lake Study AreaChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest3,707
09154 - St. Peters DomeChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest4,002
09177 - Le Roy CreekChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest8,138
09180 - Perch LakeChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest2,390
References (7)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2000. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 22. Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiii + 352 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  3. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. NatureServe. 2024. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  6. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).
  7. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of March 4, 2024. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2203 pp.