Echinocereus triglochidiatus

Engelm.

Mound Hedgehog Cactus

G5Secure Found in 162 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.134499
Element CodePDCAC060D0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
CITESAppendix II
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderCaryophyllales
FamilyCactaceae
GenusEchinocereus
Other Common Names
King-cup Cactus (EN) kingcup cactus (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
Conservation Status
Review Date2011-01-07
Change Date1988-06-30
Edition Date2011-01-07
Edition AuthorsCordeiro, J. (2011); LAMBERT, A.
Range Extent200,000 to >2,500,000 square km (about 80,000 to >1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences81 to >300
Rank Reasons
Several hundred occurrences are known throughout the southwest and western United States and in Mexico.
Range Extent Comments
It occurs in the U.S. in Arizona, Colorado, California, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, and utah; and in Mexico in Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, San Luis Potosi, and Tamaulipas (Hernandez et al., 2004). The species is composed of a complex group of local populations, with the appearance of the extreme types varying remarkably; var. melanocanthus is the most wide-ranging from California to Colorado to central Texas including central New Mexico and northwestern Arizona; and south in Mexico to Durango (Benson, 1982; Weniger, 1970). Ingram (2008) cites it as widely occurring from eastern California to western Colorado and New Mexico; and in Nevada from the Antelope Mountains of Eureka Co. south to the Spring Mountains in Clark Co., and in California from the White-Imyo range in southern Meno Co. south to the eastern edge of the Peninsular Ranges in San Diego Co. As many as eight different varieties have been described and it is likely a species complex (Ingram, 2008). Baker (2006) lists it (with two subspecies) from the Mojave Desert, California, east to northern New Mexico and north into Utah and Colorado.
Occurrences Comments
Hundreds of occurrences are known (Benson, 1982). Variety melanocanthus occurs in Rocky Mountain Montane Forest; Juniper-Pinyon Woodlands; Southwestern Oak Woodlands; Sagebrush Desert; Navajoan Desert; edges of Desert Grassland and Great Plains Grassland; California on Clark Mt. and in New York Mts., Mojave Desert region in San Bernardino Co.; Nevada in Antelope Mts., Eureka Co., and in southeastern Nye Co. and adjacent Lincoln Co.; Utah from Juab, Carbon, and Uintah Cos.; Colorado from the Colorado River drainage to Pueblo Co. and south; Arizona, except in lower deserts of Yuma, Maricopa, west Pinal, and west Pima Cos.; New Mexico in all higher areas, but not on Great Plains or in deserts; Texas in trans-Pecos region and in granitic areas of the Edwards Plateau and its escarpment as far east as Granite Mt., Burnet Co., and Hays Co., Mexico, especially in the region of the Sierra Madre Occidental, as far south as Durango and San Luis Potosi (Benson, 1982). Var. mojavensis is found on rocky ledges or steep canyon slopes and is most abundant in the Mojave desert where it occupies all but the lowest and hottest desert areas of the southwestern United States (Ingram, 2008).
Threat Impact Comments
Most cacti subject to horticultural collecting.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

This taxon is found on a variety of sites within a wide elevational range and habitat includes rocky or grassy hillsides, ledges, and canyons; mostly on igneous rocks, sometimes limestone; in desert, and woodland. Variety melanocanthus occurs on rocky or grassy hillsides, ledges, and canyons, mostly on igneous rocks at 1050-2400 (2900) m (Benson, 1982). Var. mojavensis is found on rocky ledges or steep canyon slopes and is most abundant in the Mojave desert where it occupies all but the lowest and hottest desert areas of the southwestern United States (Ingram, 2008). Var. arizonicus- often growing among granitic boulders in mountainous woodlands and chaparral and elevation ranges from about 3,500 to 4,700 feet (1,050-1,410 m). Var. gurneyi- on rocky hillsides in granitic or limestone soils in deserts and elevation ranges from 4,000 to 5,000 feet (1,200-1,500 m). Var. melanacanthus- on rocky or grassy hillsides, ledges, and canyons; mostly on igneous rock and elevation ranges from 3,500 to 9,000 feet (1,050-2,900 m). Var. mojavensis- on rocky hillsides and canyons in deserts and in woodlands above and elevation ranges from 3,500 to 10,000 feet (1,050-3,000 m). Var. neomexicanus- on soils of igneous origin in woodlands and grasslands and elevation ranges from 4,500 to 7,000 feet (1,350-2100 m). Var. paucispinus- on rocky igneous or limestone soils in deserts or grasslands and elevation ranges from 500 to 1,000 feet (150-300 m). Var. triglochidiatus- on rocky or gravelly soils on ridges, hills, and canyons in woodlands and elevation ranges 4,350 to 6,900 feet (1,300-2,070 m) (Matthews, 1994).

Reproduction

While there is a paucity of species-specific information on seed dispersal, it is known within the genus of Echinocereus that mammals do eat and disperse their seeds. Ringtails, and gray foxes are known to eat the fruits of cacti species in Echinocereus (Willson 1993).
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
UtahSNRYes
TexasSNRYes
NevadaS4Yes
ColoradoS4Yes
ArizonaS4Yes
New MexicoSNRYes
CaliforniaSNRYes
Plant Characteristics
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (162)
Arizona (6)
AreaForestAcres
Big RidgeKaibab National Forest9,087
Burro CanyonKaibab National Forest19,928
Jacks CanyonCoconino National Forest2,858
Lower Jacks CanyonCoconino National Forest777
Red PointKaibab National Forest7,139
Willis CanyonKaibab National Forest9,688
California (11)
AreaForestAcres
Andrews Mtn.Inyo National Forest9,912
Birch CreekInyo National Forest28,816
Black CanyonInyo National Forest32,421
Boundary Peak (CA)Inyo National Forest210,884
Deep CreekSan Bernardino National Forest23,869
Granite PeakSan Bernardino National Forest450
Heartbreak RidgeSan Bernardino National Forest4,455
PaiuteInyo National Forest58,712
Soldier CanyonInyo National Forest40,589
SugarloafSan Bernardino National Forest8,206
TinemahaInyo National Forest27,060
Colorado (1)
AreaForestAcres
HermosaSan Juan NF148,103
Nevada (49)
AreaForestAcres
Alta T - East AHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest114
Alta T - East BHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest21,732
Alta T - NorthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest9,325
Angel Peak NorthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest12,577
Angel Peak SouthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest6,540
Arc Dome - CarversHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest3,846
Arc Dome - OphirHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,652
Arc Dome - TwinHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest8
Bald Mtn.Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest41,598
Black SpringHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest11,016
ButlerHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest39,470
Charleston - CarpenterHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest17,828
Charleston - ClarkHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,674
Charleston - Macks CynHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest11,378
Charleston - McfarlandHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest2,465
CharnockHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,348
CottonwoodHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest18,161
Currant - East SlopeHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest10,101
Fish Lake CHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,538
Georges CanyonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest108,551
Grant - BrunoHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,828
Grant - Burnt CynHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest126
Grant - Cherry CynHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest160
Grant - Horse Spr.Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest274
Grant - IrwinHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest11,196
Grant - TroyHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest3,826
Grant - WadsworthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest610
Indian CreekHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest9,996
La Madre - TroutHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest2,101
Lovell Summit SouthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest28,455
Masket PeakHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest8,778
Pogonip RidgeHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest6,629
PotosiHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,145
Potts - BHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest551
QuinnHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest62,459
Red MountainHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest30,242
Savory MountainHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest20,570
Snake - Big WashHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,146
Snake - ChokecherryHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest30,845
Snake - MurphyHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest27,064
SnowbirdHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest8,859
Spanish PeakHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest31,520
Table Mtn. - Barley Ck.Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,424
Table Mtn. - EastHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest87,789
Toiyabe RangeHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest99,225
White Pine Mtn.Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest25,244
White SageHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest11,993
WildcatHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest28,565
WilhoitesHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest11,297
New Mexico (21)
AreaForestAcres
Alamo CanyonSanta Fe National Forest8,639
Arroyo de los FrijolesSanta Fe National Forest5,277
Black CanyonSanta Fe National Forest1,922
Bull CanyonCarson National Forest11,512
CajaSanta Fe National Forest5,304
Carrizo MountainLincoln National Forest17,280
Chama WS RiverSanta Fe National Forest4,168
El InviernoSanta Fe National Forest29,927
Juan de Gabaldon GrantSanta Fe National Forest8,023
LemitasSanta Fe National Forest8,129
McClure ReservoirSanta Fe National Forest375
Mt. TaylorCibola National Forest6,355
Nichols ReservoirSanta Fe National Forest1,518
Ortega PeakLincoln National Forest11,545
Pacheco CanyonSanta Fe National Forest1,012
Pueblo MesaSanta Fe National Forest3,540
Thompson PeakSanta Fe National Forest33,001
Tucson MountainLincoln National Forest16,905
Virgin CanyonSanta Fe National Forest6,068
West Face Sacramento MountainsLincoln National Forest41,176
YoungsvilleSanta Fe National Forest6,122
South Dakota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Indian CreekBuffalo Gap National Grassland24,666
Utah (73)
AreaForestAcres
0401002Ashley National Forest36,113
0401010Ashley National Forest21,886
0401011Ashley National Forest30,062
0401023Ashley National Forest8,352
0401024Ashley National Forest12,882
0401032Ashley National Forest6,471
0401037Ashley National Forest1,166
0419020Ashley National Forest355,684
418012Uinta National Forest25,758
418014Uinta National Forest9,683
418015Uinta National Forest17,289
418016Uinta National Forest35,240
418022Uinta National Forest17,289
418024Uinta National Forest51,699
418025Uinta National Forest32,698
418027Uinta National Forest13,884
418029Uinta National Forest15,673
418031Uinta National Forest18,173
AtchinsonDixie National Forest17,655
Beehive PeakFishlake National Forest59,137
Boulder Mtn. / Boulder Top / Deer LakeDixie National Forest110,690
Box - Death HollowDixie National Forest3,175
Bull ValleyDixie National Forest10,911
Bullion - DelanoFishlake National Forest14,917
Bunker CreekDixie National Forest7,474
Capital ReefDixie National Forest763
Casto BluffDixie National Forest87,466
Cedar BenchDixie National Forest8,915
Circleville MountainFishlake National Forest24,142
CottonwoodDixie National Forest6,754
Cove CreekFishlake National Forest25,555
Cove MountainDixie National Forest16,632
Dark ValleyDixie National Forest27,481
Deer CreekDixie National Forest39,818
Dog ValleyFishlake National Forest11,810
East MountainManti-Lasal National Forest30,705
FishhookDixie National Forest12,959
Fishlake MountainFishlake National Forest25,217
Flat CanyonFishlake National Forest8,663
Gum HillDixie National Forest3,180
Happy ValleyDixie National Forest14,458
Hilgard MountainFishlake National Forest28,389
Horse Mountain - Mans PeakManti-Lasal National Forest22,159
Jake HollowDixie National Forest15,146
Joe LottFishlake National Forest19,826
Kane MountainDixie National Forest8,013
LangdonFishlake National Forest12,160
Little CreekFishlake National Forest11,479
Long Neck Mesa / Steep Creek / Oak Creek - Steep Creek / OakDixie National Forest55,489
Lookout PeakFishlake National Forest9,195
Marysvale PeakFishlake National Forest22,624
MogotsuDixie National Forest16,762
Moody WashDixie National Forest31,835
Mt. ArvineFishlake National Forest6,054
Mt. Johns Peak - Mt AliceFishlake National Forest12,469
Mt. Um Plateau - Mt TerrillFishlake National Forest17,490
Muddy Creek - Nelson Mt.Manti-Lasal National Forest59,034
New Home BenchDixie National Forest10,513
North PavantFishlake National Forest53,262
Oak CreekFishlake National Forest54,053
PavantFishlake National Forest42,560
Pine Valley MountainsDixie National Forest57,673
Rock CanyonDixie National Forest16,457
SanpitchManti-Lasal National Forest29,129
Signal PeakFishlake National Forest30,889
Solomon BasinFishlake National Forest19,963
Stansbury MountainsWasatch-Cache National Forest39,696
Stoddard MountainDixie National Forest13,165
Table Cliffs - Henderson CanyonDixie National Forest19,581
Thousand Lake MountainFishlake National Forest27,267
Tushar MountainFishlake National Forest39,992
Wayne WonderlandFishlake National Forest12,395
White MountainFishlake National Forest23,939
References (14)
  1. Baker, M.A. 2006a. Circumscription of <i>Echinocereus arizonicus</i> subsp. <i>arizonicus</i>: Phenetic analysis of morphological characters in section Triglochidiatus (Cactaceae), Part II. Madrono 53(4):388-399.
  2. Baker, M.A. 2006b. A new florally dimorphic hexaploid, <i>Echinocereus yavapaiensis </i>sp. nov. (section Triglochidiatus, Cactaceae) from central Arizona. Plant Systematics and Evolution 258:63-83.
  3. Benson, L. 1982. The Cacti of the United States and Canada. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. 1044 pp.
  4. Blum, W., M. Lange, W. Rischer, and J. Rutow. 1998. Echinocereus. Monographie. Proost NV Turnhout, Belgium. 496 pp.
  5. Brown, J.H. and A. Kodric-Brown. 1979. Convergence, competition, and mimicry in a temperate community of hummingbird-pollinated flowers. Ecology 60(5):1022-1035.
  6. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2003b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 4, Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. Oxford University Press, New York. xxiv + 559 pp.
  7. Hernandez, H.M., C. Gomez-Hinostrosa, and B. Goettsch. 2004. Checklist of Chihuahuan desert Cactaceae. Harvard Papers in Botany 9(1):51-68.
  8. Hoffman, M.T. 1992. Functional dioecy in <i>Echinocereus coccineus </i>(Cactaceae): Breeding system, sex ratios, and geographic range of floral dimorphism. American Journal of Botany 79(12):1382-1388.
  9. Ingram, S. 2008. Cacti, Agaves, and Yuccas of California and Nevada. Cachuma Press, Los Olivos, California. 243 pp.
  10. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  11. Matthews, R. F. 1994. <i>Echinocereus triglochidiatus</i>. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2011, April 27].
  12. Matthews, R.F. 1994. <i>Echinocereus triglochidiatus</i>. In: Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available online: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ (accessed 20 January 2011).
  13. Weniger, D. 1970. Cacti of the Southwest: Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana. University of Texas Press: Austin, Texas. 249 pp. + 64 pls.
  14. Willson, M. F. 1993. Mammals as seed-dispersal mutualists in North America. Oikos 67: 159-176.