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Eleutherodactylus planirostris

(Cope, 1862)

Greenhouse Frog

G5Secure Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100342
Element CodeAAABD04080
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAmphibia
OrderAnura
FamilyLeptodactylidae
GenusEleutherodactylus
Concept Reference
Frost, D. R. 1985. Amphibian species of the world. A taxonomic and geographical reference. Allen Press, Inc., and The Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas. v + 732 pp.
Taxonomic Comments
Includes E. casparii, which may be a distinct species, E. ricordi goini, and E. ricordi rogersi; the latter two now regarded as subspecies of Planirostris (Schwartz and Henderson 1988). See Hedges (1989) for information on relationships of West Indian Eleutherodactylus.
Conservation Status
Review Date2005-04-27
Change Date1996-10-18
Edition Date2005-04-27
Edition AuthorsHammerson, G.
Range Extent Comments
Native to Cuba and the Bahamas (Schwartz and Henderson 1991). Introduced and established in Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Caicos Islands, Grenada, Mexico, Florida (e.g., Johnson et al., 2003, Herpetol. Rev. 34:161-162; Lillywhite and Sheehy, 2004, Herpetol. Rev. 35:78), Georgia (Winn et al., 1999, Herpetol. Rev. 30:49), Louisiana (Platt and Fontenot 1995, Herpetol. Rev. 26:207), Mississippi (Dinsmore 2004), and Hawaii (Kraus et al. 1999). Introduced in Alabama; unknown whether established there. Indoor (e.g., greenhouse) populations exist in Missouri and Oklahoma. Recently reported from Guam (USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database).
Occurrences Comments
Represented by many and/or large occurrences throughout most of the range.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Terrestrial; areas with shelter and moisture--broadleaf forest, gardens, greenhouses and well-watered nurseries, lawns, dumps, gopher tortoise burrows, small stream valleys, hardwood hammocks with damp leaf litter, beach COCOS trash. Under debris or in similar damp site when inactive. May perch on low grass, occasionally in bromeliads above ground (Grand Cayman) (Schwartz and Henderson 1991). Males call from on or near ground, often on leaves or debris (Schwartz and Henderson 1991).

Terrestrial breeder; no aquatic larval stage. Eggs laid among vegetation or debris (Conant 1975, Behler and King 1979); under rocks, vegetal debris, in rooted plank in woodpile in cutover scrub, in fallen bromeliad (Schwartz and Henderson 1991).

Reproduction

Breeds with warm summer rains (Behler and King 1979). Eggs observed have been observed during May-September; clutch size is 3-26; eggs hatch in 13-20 days (Schwartz and Henderson 1991). In Alabama, a female with mature ova was observed in April, numerous juveniles in September (Carey 1982).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest - HardwoodSuburban/orchard
Palustrine Habitats
Riparian
Other Nations (1)
United StatesNNA
ProvinceRankNative
MississippiSNANo
AlabamaSNANo
LouisianaSNANo
HawaiiSNANo
TexasSNANo
FloridaSNANo
GeorgiaSNANo
Roadless Areas (1)
Florida (1)
AreaForestAcres
Alexander Springs CreekOcala National Forest2,954
References (23)
  1. Behler, J. L., and F. W. King. 1979. The Audubon Society field guide to North American reptiles and amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 719 pp.
  2. Carey, S. D. 1982. Geographic distribution: ELEUTHERODACTYLUS PLANIROSTRIS PLANIROSTRIS. SSAR Herpetol.Rev. 13:130.
  3. Conant, R. 1975. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America. Second Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. xvii + 429 pp.
  4. Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]
  5. Dinsmore, A. 2004. Geographic distribution. <i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris</i>. Herpetological Review 35:403.
  6. Frost, D. R. 1985. Amphibian species of the world. A taxonomic and geographical reference. Allen Press, Inc., and The Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas. v + 732 pp.
  7. Frost, D.R. 2020. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Online: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html
  8. Hedges, S. B. 1989. Evolution and biogeography of West Indian frogs of the genus <i>Eleutherodactylus</i>: slow-evolving loci and the major groups. Pages 305-370 in C. A. Woods, ed. Biogeography of the West Indies, Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida.
  9. Hedges, S.B. 1993. Global amphibian declines: a perspective from the Caribbean. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2:290-303.
  10. Hedges, S.B. 1999. Distribution of amphibians in the West Indies. Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians. A Global Perspective. Duellman, W.E.,editor. The Johns Hopkins Press. Baltimore, Maryland.
  11. Hedges, S.B. 2001. Caribherp: database of West Indian amphibians and reptiles (http://www.caribherp.net). Pennsylvania State University. University Park, PA.
  12. Hedges, S.B., W.E. Duellman, and M.P. Heinicke. 2008. New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa 1737:1-182.
  13. Henderson, R.W. and Powell, R 1999. West Indian herpetoecology. Caribbean Amphibians and Reptiles. Crother, B.I.,editor. 223-226. Academic Press. San Diego, California.
  14. Henderson, R.W. and Powell, R. 2001. Responses by the West Indian herpetofauna to human-influenced resources. Caribbean Journal of Science. 37:41-54.
  15. Henderson, R. W., and R. Powell. 2009. Natural History of West Indian Reptiles and Amphibians : xxiv + 496.
  16. Kraus, F., E. W. Campbell, A. Allison, and T. Pratt. 1999. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS frog introductions to Hawaii. Herpetological Review 30:21-25.
  17. Krysko, K. L., J. P. Burgess, M. R. Rochford, C. R. Gillette, D. Cueva, K. M. Enge, L. A. Somma, J. L. Stabile, D. C. Smith, J. A. Wasilewski, and G. N. Kieckhefer III. 2011. Verified non-indigenous amphibians and reptiles in Florida from 1863 through 2010: outlining the invasion process and identifying invasion pathways and stages. Zootaxa 3028: 1-64.
  18. Lynn, W. G. 1940. Amphibians. Pages 1-60 in W. G. Lynn and C. Grant. The herpetology of Jamaica. Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. No. 1.
  19. Padial, J. M., T. Grant, and D. R. Frost. 2014. Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria . Zootaxa 3825:1-132.
  20. Schwartz, A. 1974. Eleutherodactylus planirostris. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. 154:1-4.
  21. Schwartz, A., and D. C. Fowler. 1973. The Anura of Jamaica: a progress report. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 43(142):50-142.
  22. Schwartz, A., and R. W. Henderson. 1988. West Indian amphibians and reptiles: a check-list. Milwaukee Pub. Mus., Contrib. Biological Geology No. 74:1-264.
  23. Schwartz, A., and R. W. Henderson. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, Florida. xvi + 720 pp.