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Hydrophlox chlorocephalus

(Cope, 1870)

Greenhead Shiner

G4Apparently Secure Found in 3 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G4Apparently SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105846
Element CodeAFCJB28350
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassActinopterygii
OrderCypriniformes
FamilyLeuciscidae
GenusHydrophlox
Synonyms
Notropis chlorocephalus(Cope, 1870)
Concept Reference
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.
Taxonomic Comments
Based on phylogenomic analyses, Stout et al. (2022) elevate the subgenus Hydrophlox. This generic change is accepted by Page et al. (2023).

Allozyme and morphological data indicate that Hydrophlox chlorocephalus is a diagnosable and monophyletic taxon. The presently recognized taxonomic species Notropis (Hydrophlox) lutipinnis is a paraphyletic composite of three diagnosable and two undescribed monophyletic entities; the forms from the Santee-Broad and Pee Dee rivers are more closely related to H. chlorocephalus than to the taxon to which they are presently assigned (Wood and Mayden 1992, Warren et al. 2000).
Conservation Status
Review Date1996-09-16
Change Date1996-09-16
Range Extent Comments
Catawba River system of Santee River drainage, North and South Carolina; abundant (Lee et al. 1980, Page and Burr 1991).
Occurrences Comments
This species is represented by a large number of subpopulations and locations.
Threat Impact Comments
Localized threats may exist, but on a range-wide scale no major threats are known.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Usually in small, clear headwater streams where often abundant (Lee et al. 1980). Rocky flowing pools of clear headwaters, creeks, and small rivers (Page and Burr 1991). Spawns over nests (large gravel mounds with one or more pits) of Nocomis leptocephalus (Johnson 1991).

Reproduction

Spawns in May at water temperatures of 11-17 C (Johnson 1991).
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN4
ProvinceRankNative
South CarolinaS4Yes
North CarolinaS4Yes
Roadless Areas (3)
North Carolina (3)
AreaForestAcres
Jarrett CreekPisgah National Forest7,485
Mackey MountainPisgah National Forest5,934
Woods MountainPisgah National Forest9,602
References (13)
  1. Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. and R. van der Laan (eds). 2023. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: genera, species, references.(http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp). Electronic version 2023.
  2. Johnson, C. E. 1991. Spawning activities of <i>Notropis chlorocephalus</i>, <i>Notropis chiliticus</i>, and <i>Hybopsis hypsinotus</i>, nest associates of <i>Nocomis leptocephalus</i> in the southeastern United States, with comments on nest association (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Brimleyana 17:77-88.
  3. Lee, D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt, R. E. Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and J. R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, North Carolina. i-x + 854 pp.
  4. Menhinick, E. F. 1991. The freshwater fishes of North Carolina. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. 227 pp.
  5. Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Perez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. 386 pp.
  6. Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 432 pp.
  7. Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. xix + 663 pp.
  8. Page, L. M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, R. L. Mayden, and J. S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Seventh edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, Bethesda, Maryland.
  9. Page, L. M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. American Fisheries Society (AFS), Special Publication 37, Bethesda, Maryland, 439 pp.
  10. Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.
  11. Stout, C., S. Schonhuth, R, Mayden, N.L. Garrison, and J.W. Armbruster. 2022. Phylogenomics and classification of <i>Notropis</i> and related shiners (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae) and the utility of exon capture on lower taxonomic groups. PeerJ, 10, p.e14072.
  12. Warren, M. L., Jr., B. M. Burr, S. J. Walsh, H. L. Bart, Jr., R. C. Cashner, D. A. Etnier, B. J. Freeman, B. R. Kuhajda, R. L. Mayden, H. W. Robison, S. T. Ross, and W. C. Starnes. 2000. Diversity, distribution, and conservation status of the native freshwater fishes of the southern United States. Fisheries 25(10):7-31.
  13. Wood, R. M. and R. L. Mayden. 1992. Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of <i>Notropis chlorocephalus</i> and <i>N. lutipinnis</i>. Copeia 1992:68-81.