Luxilus zonatus

(Putnam, 1863)

Bleeding Shiner

G5Secure Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101391
Element CodeAFCJB51080
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassActinopterygii
OrderCypriniformes
FamilyLeuciscidae
GenusLuxilus
Synonyms
Notropis zonatus
Concept Reference
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.
Taxonomic Comments
Treated as conspecific with L. pilsbryi by some authors (Lee et al. 1980). See Mayden (1988) for description of L. cardinalis, formerly included in L. zonatus. Removed from genus Notropis and placed in genus (formerly subgenus) Luxilus by Mayden (1989) and Coburn and Cavender (1992); this change was adopted in the 1991 AFS checklist (Robins et al. 1991). See Dowling et al. (1992) for information on evolutionary relationships among Luxilus shiners based on mtDNA data. See Powers and Gold (1992) for information on phylogenetic relationships among Luxilus shiners based on an analysis of chromosomal NOR variation.
Conservation Status
Review Date1996-09-18
Change Date1996-09-18
Edition Date1996-09-18
Edition AuthorsJefferson, J., and G. Hammerson
Number of Occurrences21 - 80
Rank Reasons
Abundant throughout the Ozark region in Missouri and Arkansas.
Range Extent Comments
Northern, eastern, and southeastern drainages of Ozark Plateaus. Southern Ozark drainages inclusive of the St. Francis, Black, and Little rivers, and some direct tributaries, including Meramec River, of Mississippi River. In northern Ozarks, occurs in Osage, Big Piney, and Gasconade rivers and several small northern tributaries of Lower Missouri River. In Osage drainage, not known west of Sac River. Common to abundant; often the most common fish present (Page and Burr 1991).
Occurrences Comments
Lee et al. (1980) mapped 91 collection sites.
Threat Impact Comments
Localized threats may exist, but on a range-wide scale no major threats are known.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Typically in creeks and small to medium rivers with gravel-rubble substrate and clear, rapidly flowing water. Most often associated with deep riffles and raceways, also in open pools with current (Mayden 1988). Spawns over gravel nests of Nocomis biguttatus or in small, pit-like depressions excavated by males in clear, gravel riffles.

Reproduction

Spawns late April to early July, mostly May and early June. Seldom lives more than 3 years.
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
MissouriSNRYes
IllinoisSNRYes
ArkansasS4Yes
Roadless Areas (1)
Missouri (1)
AreaForestAcres
Irish Rare II Study AreaMark Twain National Forest1,226
References (15)
  1. Coburn, M. M., and T. M. Cavender. 1992. Interrelationships of North American cyprinid fishes. Pages 328-373 in R.L. Mayden, editor. Systematics, historical ecology, and North American freshwater fishes. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. xxvi + 969 pp.
  2. Dowling, T.E., W.R. Hoeh, G.R. Smith and W.M. Brown. 1992a. Evolutionary relationships of shiners in the genus <i>Luxilus</i> (Cyprinidae) as determined by analysis of mitochondrial DNA. Copeia 1992:306-322.
  3. Hrabik, Robert A. (Missouri Department of Conservation). 1997. Review and annotation of fish watershed distribution maps. Review requested by Ruth Mathews, TNC. May 1997.
  4. Lee, D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt, R. E. Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and J. R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, North Carolina. i-x + 854 pp.
  5. Mayden, R. L. 1988. Systematics of the <i>Notropis zonatus</i> species group, with description of a new species from the Interior Highlands of North America. Copeia 1988:153-173.
  6. Mayden, R. L. 1989. Phylogenetic studies of North American minnows, with emphasis on the genus <i>Cyprinella</i> (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publication (80):1-189.
  7. Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Perez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. 386 pp.
  8. Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 432 pp.
  9. Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. xix + 663 pp.
  10. Page, L. M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, R. L. Mayden, and J. S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Seventh edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, Bethesda, Maryland.
  11. Page, L. M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. American Fisheries Society (AFS), Special Publication 37, Bethesda, Maryland, 439 pp.
  12. Pflieger, W. L. 1975. The fishes of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation. Columbia, Missouri. viii + 343 pp.
  13. Powers, P. K., and J. R. Gold. 1992. Cytogenetic studies in North American minnows (Cyprinidae): XX. Chromosomal NOR variation in the genus <i>Luxilus</i>. Copeia 1992:332-343.
  14. Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.
  15. Robison, H. W. and T. M. Buchanan. 1988. Fishes of Arkansas. The University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, Arkansas. 536 pp.