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Numenius hudsonicus

Latham, 1790

Hudsonian Whimbrel

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Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.793078
Element CodeABNNF07022
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderCharadriiformes
FamilyScolopacidae
GenusNumenius
Synonyms
Numenius phaeopus hudsonicusLatham, 1790
Concept Reference
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in The Auk]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
Taxonomic Comments
Taxon hudsonicus (polytypic, including rufiventris) is treated as a species separate from Numenius phaeopus based on morphology and deep genomic DNA divergence (McLaughlin et al. 2020, Gill et al. 2023, Tan et al. 2023, AviList 2025, Skeel et al. 2025). However, vocalizations seem similar, and a formal bioacoustic analysis is lacking (AviList 2025).
Ecology & Habitat
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN3B,N4M
ProvinceRankNative
SaskatchewanS4MYes
OntarioS3B,S4MYes
Nova ScotiaS2MYes
British ColumbiaS1B,SNRMYes
NunavutS3BYes
QuebecS3MYes
Northwest TerritoriesS3Yes
LabradorS3MYes
Yukon TerritoryS3BYes
Prince Edward IslandS2MYes
Island of NewfoundlandS2MYes
ManitobaS3BYes
New BrunswickS3MYes
AlbertaSUMYes
United StatesNNRB,NNRN
ProvinceRankNative
ArizonaS2MYes
MassachusettsS3NYes
District of ColumbiaS1NYes
MinnesotaSNRMYes
Navajo NationS2MYes
OhioSNAYes
GeorgiaS3Yes
WisconsinSNAYes
AlaskaSNRBYes
New HampshireSNAYes
VirginiaSNAYes
MaineS2NYes
OklahomaS1NYes
ConnecticutSNAYes
WyomingS4NYes
WashingtonS3NYes
IdahoSNAYes
CaliforniaSNRNYes
NebraskaSNRNYes
MontanaSNAYes
MissouriSNAYes
FloridaS2NYes
AlabamaS3NYes
MississippiSNAYes
Rhode IslandS3NYes
MarylandS2MYes
South CarolinaS2NYes
OregonSNAYes
IowaS1NYes
North CarolinaSNAYes
NevadaSNAYes
ColoradoSNAYes
DelawareS1MYes
TexasS4Yes
UtahSNAYes
KansasS2NYes
MichiganSNRNYes
PennsylvaniaS2MYes
New YorkSNRNYes
New JerseyS4NYes
LouisianaS3MYes
References (8)
  1. American Ornithological Society (AOS). Chesser, R. T., S. M. Billerman, K. J. Burns, C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, B. E. Hernández-Baños, R. A. Jiménez, A. W. Kratter, N. A. Mason, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., D. F. Stotz, and K. Winker. 2022. Sixty-third Supplement to the American Ornithological Society’s Check-list of North American Birds. Ornithology 139:1-13.
  2. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
  3. AviList Core Team. 2025. AviList: The Global Avian Checklist, v2025. https://doi.org/10.2173/avilist.v2025
  4. Gill, F., D. Donsker, and P. Rasmussen (Eds). 2023. IOC World Bird List (v13.1). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.13.1.
  5. McLaughlin, J. F., B. C. Faircloth, T. C. Glenn, and K. Winker. 2020. Divergence, gene flow, and speciation in eight lineages of trans-Beringian birds. Molecular Ecology 29(18):3526-3542.
  6. Skeel, M. A., E. P. Mallory, and P. Pyle. 2025. Hudsonian Whimbrel (Numenius hudsonicus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman and M. G. Smith, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.whimbr3.01
  7. Tan, H. Z., E. Ying Xin Ng, Q. Tang, G. A. Allport, J. Jansen, P. S. Tomkovich, and F. E. Rheindt. 2019. Population genomics of two congeneric Palaearctic shorebirds reveals differential impacts of Quaternary climate oscillations across habitats types. Scientific Reports 9(1):18172.
  8. Tan, H. Z., J. JFJ Jansen, G. A. Allport, K. M. Garg, B. Chattopadhyay, M. Irestedt, S. EH Pang, G. Chilton, C. Yin Gwee, and F. E. Rheindt. 2023. Megafaunal extinctions, not climate change, may explain Holocene genetic diversity declines in Numenius shorebirds. Elife 12:e85422.