Plantago virginica

L.

Pale-seed Plantain

G5Secure Found in 11 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
LowThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.152475
Element CodePDPLN02170
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderPlantaginales
FamilyPlantaginaceae
GenusPlantago
Other Common Names
Plantain de Virginie (FR) Virginia plantain (EN) Virginia Plantain (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2023-09-14
Change Date1996-11-20
Edition Date2023-09-14
Edition AuthorsBroaddus, Lynn (1991), rev. C. Nordman (2023).
Threat ImpactLow
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Plantago virginica is native to the eastern, southeastern and central United States and Mexico, it also occurs as an adventive or exotic plant in Arizona and California, and as an exotic plant in Canada, Bahamas, Bermuda, Jamaica, Japan, South Korea, China, Taiwan, and South Africa. It is estimated that there are more than 1600 occurrences rangewide, and it is considered to be secure or apparently secure across eight states in the eastern United States, and common in all states and regions of the southeastern United States. It occurs on various National Forests, and within National, State and local parks.
Range Extent Comments
Plantago virginica is native to the eastern, southeastern and central United States and Mexico, it also occurs as an adventive or exotic plant in Arizona and California, and as an exotic plant in Canada, Bahamas, Bermuda, Jamaica, Japan, South Korea, China, Taiwan, and South Africa. The likely native range extent in North America (not including Canada, California and Arizona) was estimated to be 6.6 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and NatureServe Network occurrence data collected between 1992 and 2023 (GBIF 2023, Huisinga and Ayers 1999, iNaturalist 2023, Jepson Flora Project 2023, NatureServe 2023, POWO 2023, SEINet 2023, Villaseñor 2016).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium records and photo-based observations of Plantago virginica documented between 1992 and 2023, it is estimated that there are more than 1600 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2023, iNaturalist 2023, SEINet 2023).
Threat Impact Comments
Threats to Plantago virginica likely are low.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Sandy soils, thin soils over rock, roadsides, lawns, disturbed areas, and saline marshes, at elevations up to 2300 meters (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2019, Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team 2022).
Terrestrial Habitats
Grassland/herbaceousOld fieldBarrensBare rock/talus/scree
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLAND
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
AlabamaSNRYes
ArkansasSNRYes
NebraskaSNRYes
South DakotaSNRYes
KansasS5Yes
New JerseyS4Yes
New MexicoSNRYes
MississippiSNRYes
TennesseeSNRYes
MichiganSNANo
DelawareS5Yes
MissouriSNRYes
West VirginiaS5Yes
MinnesotaSHYes
OhioSNRYes
ConnecticutSUYes
MaineSNANo
ArizonaSNRYes
LouisianaSNRYes
OklahomaSNRYes
North CarolinaS5Yes
CaliforniaSNRYes
New YorkS5Yes
MassachusettsSNRYes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
IndianaSNRYes
FloridaSNRYes
TexasSNRYes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
South CarolinaS5Yes
OregonSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
GeorgiaSNRYes
IllinoisSNRYes
MarylandSNRYes
VirginiaS5Yes
KentuckyS5Yes
IowaS4Yes
WisconsinSNRYes
CanadaNNA
ProvinceRankNative
OntarioSNANo
Plant Characteristics
DurationANNUAL, BIENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (11)
Alabama (1)
AreaForestAcres
Blue MountainTalladega National Forest4,986
Arizona (1)
AreaForestAcres
Happy ValleyCoronado National Forest7,972
Arkansas (2)
AreaForestAcres
Hurricane CreekOzark-St. Francis National Forest2,279
Little BlakelyOuachita National Forest3,342
Florida (1)
AreaForestAcres
Gum BayApalachicola National Forest11,645
Georgia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Ben GapChattahoochee National Forest1,292
North Carolina (1)
AreaForestAcres
Yellowhammer Branch (add.)Nantahala National Forest1,255
Tennessee (2)
AreaForestAcres
Brushy RidgeCherokee National Forest7,469
Devil's BackboneCherokee National Forest4,287
Texas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Big WoodsNational Forests in Texas1,320
Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Little RiverGeorge Washington National Forest27,292
References (10)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2019. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 17: Magnoliophyta: Tetrachondraceae to Orobanchaceae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiv + 737 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2023. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2023).
  3. Huisinga, K.D., and T.J. Ayers. 1999. Vascular Plants of Arizona: Plantaginaceae. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 32(1): 62-76. Online. Available: https://canotia.org/vpa_volumes/VPA_JANAS_1999_Vol32_1_Huisinga_et_Ayers_Plantaginaceae.pdf (accessed 2023).
  4. iNaturalist. 2023. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2023).
  5. Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2023. Jepson eFlora. Online. Available: https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/ (accessed 2023).
  6. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  7. Plants of the World Online (POWO). 2023. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Online. Available: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 2023).
  8. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2023. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2023).
  9. Villaseñor, J.L. 2016. Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559-902.
  10. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2022. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of April 24, 2022. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2022 pp.