Poa pratensis

L.

Kentucky Bluegrass

G5Secure Found in 36 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.149735
Element CodePMPOA4Z210
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderCyperales
FamilyPoaceae
GenusPoa
Other Common Names
Kentucky bluegrass (EN) Pâturin des prés (FR)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
Taxonomic Comments
When broadly treated as by Kartesz (1999), includes plants native in North America as well as plants introduced to North America from Eurasia ("Kentucky Bluegrass"). If narrowly treated as in Kartesz (1994), Poa pratensis is primarily if not exclusively Eurasian, widely cultivated worldwide and often persisting or escaping, although considered by some to be native in the more northern portions of North America.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-11-15
Change Date2001-02-26
Edition Date2024-11-15
Edition AuthorsN. Ventrella (2024)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Poa pratensis is a perennial grass occurring in alpine to subalpine habitats, meadows and fields, woodlands, and riparian areas. It occurs worldwide as a native species in temperate regions of the world throughout all of North America, Greenland, Mexico, and Eurasia, and as an introduced species elsewhere. There are over 5,000 occurrences of this taxon, which are potentially threatened by development, rights-of-way maintenance, invasive species, succession, and other threats in some places. Poa pratensis is a highly variable species with many lineages and is widely cultivated for use in lawns and pastures.
Range Extent Comments
Poa pratensis is a common, widespread species occurring globally as a native species in temperate regions of the world throughout all of North America, Greenland, Mexico, and Eurasia (FNA 2007, POWO 2024). It also occurs as an introduced species in South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia (POWO 2024). There has been some disagreement whether Poa pratensis is native in the northern tier of the United States and Canada (Fernald 1950, Gleason and Cronquist 1953), or native in Eurasia and introduced throughout its North American range (Hitchcock 1950). According to the Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2007), the only taxa that are clearly native to North America are ssp. alpigena and ssp. colpodea, which occur in arctic and subarctic regions. Its native range extent was estimated using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024 (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024). See individual entries for distribution details about the six subspecies.
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium records and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024, there are estimated to be over 5,000 occurrences within the native range of the species (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, Poa pratensis is potentially threatened by development, rights-of-way maintenance, succession, invasive species, and other threats in some places. However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range, large number of occurrences, tolerance of light disturbance, and affinity for typically abundant habitats, as well as no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities.
Ecology & Habitat

Description

Poa pratensis is a shallowly rooted, rhizomatous perennial grass.

Diagnostic Characteristics

The genus Poa is distinguished by its flat leaf blades, 2-6 flowered panicles, 1-3 nerved glumes and tuft of cobwebby hairs at the base of the 5-nerved lemmas (Gleason 1957, Mohlenbrock 1972, Hitchcock 1950).

Habitat

Poa pratensis occurs in "alpine or subalpine zones, anthropogenic (man-made or disturbed habitats), meadows and fields, mountain summits and plateaus, [and along the] shores of rivers or lakes" (Native Plant Trust 2024). It is a widely distributed species occurring in a large variety of habitats.
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest EdgeGrassland/herbaceousOld fieldAlpine
Palustrine Habitats
FORESTED WETLANDRiparian
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
MinnesotaSNANo
ArizonaSNRYes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
VermontSHYes
OklahomaSNRYes
MaineSNRYes
WashingtonSNRYes
HawaiiSNANo
ConnecticutSNRYes
District of ColumbiaSNANo
New JerseySNRYes
LouisianaSNRYes
MassachusettsSNRYes
New MexicoSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
NebraskaSNRYes
South DakotaSNRYes
ArkansasSNRYes
North DakotaSNANo
WyomingSNANo
IllinoisSNANo
IowaSNANo
DelawareSNANo
PennsylvaniaSNANo
GeorgiaSNRYes
NevadaSNRYes
ColoradoSNANo
FloridaSNRYes
North CarolinaSNANo
West VirginiaS4Yes
CaliforniaSNRYes
VirginiaSNANo
AlaskaSNRYes
IdahoSNRYes
KentuckySNANo
KansasSNRYes
IndianaSNANo
MarylandSNRYes
New YorkSNRYes
MichiganSNANo
South CarolinaSNRYes
AlabamaSNRYes
MissouriSNRYes
TennesseeSNRYes
MontanaSNANo
MississippiSNRYes
New HampshireSNRYes
UtahSNRYes
TexasSNRYes
OhioSNRYes
OregonSNRYes
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
British ColumbiaS5Yes
AlbertaS5Yes
Yukon TerritoryS5Yes
OntarioS5Yes
Nova ScotiaS5Yes
Northwest TerritoriesS5Yes
QuebecSNRYes
NunavutS4Yes
LabradorS3Yes
New BrunswickS5Yes
SaskatchewanSNANo
Island of NewfoundlandS3Yes
ManitobaS5Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (36)
Alaska (1)
AreaForestAcres
EudoraTongass National Forest195,022
California (3)
AreaForestAcres
Soldier CanyonInyo National Forest40,589
South SierraSequoia National Forest8,008
West GirardShasta-Trinity National Forest37,516
Colorado (1)
AreaForestAcres
Pagoda PeakRoutt NF57,676
Idaho (3)
AreaForestAcres
Italian PeakCaribou-Targhee National Forest141,158
Pioneer MountainsSalmon-Challis National Forest172,460
Pioneer MountainsSawtooth National Forest119,563
Montana (9)
AreaForestAcres
Allan Mountain (01946)Bitterroot National Forest104,184
Bear - Marshall - Scapegoat - SwanHelena National Forest51,360
Beaver LakeBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest11,863
Continental Divide National Scenic TrailBitterroot National Forest312
East PioneerBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest145,082
Mt. BaldyHelena National Forest16,362
North Big HoleBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest52,227
Reservation DivideLolo National Forest16,908
West PioneerBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest248,631
Nevada (4)
AreaForestAcres
Boundary Peak (NV)Inyo National Forest21,851
North SchellHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest30,773
SugarloafInyo National Forest11,534
West SchellHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest21,656
North Dakota (3)
AreaForestAcres
Long X DivideDakota Prairie Grasslands10,099
Tracy MountainDakota Prairie Grasslands9,756
WannaganDakota Prairie Grasslands6,026
Oregon (4)
AreaForestAcres
Lookout MountainOchoco National Forest14,115
Mt. JeffersonDeschutes National Forest2,282
North PaulinaDeschutes National Forest19,670
South PaulinaDeschutes National Forest9,074
Utah (4)
AreaForestAcres
Bullion - DelanoFishlake National Forest14,917
Fishlake MountainFishlake National Forest25,217
HancockDixie National Forest9,809
Tushar MountainFishlake National Forest39,992
Wyoming (4)
AreaForestAcres
Grayback RidgeBridger-Teton National Forest295,113
Gros Ventre MountainsBridger-Teton National Forest106,418
Munger MountainBridger-Teton National Forest12,827
Wilderness Study AreaTarghee National Forest51,961
References (11)
  1. Fernald, M.L. 1950 Gray's Manual of Botany, 8th ed. American Book Company, New York. 1632 pp.
  2. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2007a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 24. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 1. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxviii + 911 pp.
  3. Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist. 1953. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. D. Van Nostrand Co., Princeton, NJ. 8104.
  4. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  5. Hitchcock, A.S. 1950. Manual of grasses of the United States. Ed.2, rev. by A. Chase. U.S.Dept of Agr. Publ. 200. 1051 p. 2 volumes.
  6. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  7. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  8. Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
  9. Native Plant Trust. 2024. Go Botany website. Online. Available: https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org (accessed 2024).
  10. Plants of the World Online (POWO). 2024. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Online. Available: https://powo.science.kew.org/ (accessed 2024).
  11. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).