Prunus andersonii

Gray

Desert Peach

G5Secure Found in 75 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.155377
Element CodePDROS1C030
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderRosales
FamilyRosaceae
GenusPrunus
Other Common Names
desert peach (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-12-02
Change Date2025-12-02
Edition Date2025-12-02
Edition AuthorsSoteropoulos (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Prunus andersonii is a rhizomatous shrub found in sagebrush scrub, pinyon-juniper woodlands, dry rocky slopes, washes, and canyons. It is endemic to the western United States in the Great Basin Desert region in central and western Nevada and the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and scattered in the Desert Mountains of eastern California. There are over 500 occurrences, which face threats from grazing, altered fire regime, invasive species, browsing by native mammals, habitat shifting, and other threats in some places. Little is known about trends, but with a large range extent and large number of occurrences, abundant habitat, and broad habitat preferences, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Prunus andersonii is endemic to the western United States in "the Great Basin Desert region of central and western Nevada, ranging westward into California to the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada from Modoc County south to Inyo County" and scattered in the Desert Mountains of southern California to Riverside County (FNA 2014, Jepson 2025). Range extent was estimated to be over 180,000 square kilometers using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are over 500 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, this species is threatened by grazing, altered fire regime, invasive species, browsing by native mammals, habitat shifting, and other threats in some places (Gucker 2007), though there is insufficient data, including anecdotal accounts, to understand scope and severity of threats for this species. This species may have reduced abundance on sites recently or heavily grazed by sheep or cattle (see disturbance related succession in Gucker 2007). Fire regimes in this species' habitats have been altered, with increased fire frequency in big sagebrush-antelope bitterbrush invaded by cheatgrass and decreased fire frequency in Colorado pinyon woodlands; however, fire effects on P. andersonii are needed (see fire regimes in Gucker 2007). Browsing by native mammals may impact this species. Mule deer have increased consumption of this species in spring with emerging leaf growth and flowers, and, in high population density years, black-tailed jackrabbits have increased browsing and girdling on this species (Gucker 2007). Lastly, late season frosts may decrease flower and fruit production, and seedling establishment may be negatively impacted by shifting climactic conditions (Gucker 2007).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Prunus andersonii grows in "dry rocky slopes, washes, canyons, sagebrush scrub, pinyon-juniper woodlands" (FNA 2014). More detailed habitat types and plant communities are described in Gucker (2007):

"Sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) shrublands, yellow pine (Pinus spp.) forests, and pinyon-juniper (Pinus-Juniperus spp.) woodlands are typical desert peach habitat. Throughout its range, desert peach occurs in both late-seral and disturbed communities. Desert peach occurs in big sagebrush/rubber rabbitbrush/cheatgrass (A. tridentata/ Chrysothamnus nauseosus/Bromus tectorum), singleleaf pinyon-Utah juniper (P. monophylla-J. osteosperma), and black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera subsp. trichocarpa)/big sagebrush communities that are considered late-seral vegetation in the Mill Creek Watershed of central Nevada. In the Glass Mountain Region of Mono County, California, desert peach occurs in cheatgrass-dominated grasslands considered to be recovering to a more native flora.... Desert peach is a dominant species in the following vegetation types in Nevada: spiny hopsage (Grayia spinosa)-desert peach and big sagebrush-desert bitterbrush (Purshia glandulosa)-desert peach.

Soils: Desert peach is common on well-drained, poorly-developed, granitic soils. Slightly saline or alkaline, coarse-textured soils are tolerated. On Granite Mountain north of Reno, desert peach occurs in dense clumps on Mollic Haplargids with sandy to clay loam texture. In central Nevada's Mill Creek watershed, desert peach occupies coarse to fine loamy Mollisols in big sagebrush/rubber rabbitbrush/cheatgrass vegetation and loamy, skeletal Haploxerolls in black cottonwood/big sagebrush communities."

Ecology

This species grows best in full sun, has several adaptations to tolerate drought, tolerates lightly saline or alkaline soils, and grows in early post-fire communities (Gucker 2007). However, seed production is reduced with late season frosts as flowers or fruits are damaged (Gucker 2007). Several species feed on fruits, including small mammals and mule deer, which also graze on early spring growth, and mountain lions use habitat where this species is dominant, perhaps to hunt mule deer (Gucker 2007).

Reproduction

This species is a clonal shrub, spreading by rhizomes, and a single clone can be several acres in size (Gucker 2007). Reproduction also occurs sexually through perfect flowers emerging from March to May, with fruits developing from June to August (FNA 2014). Seeds are dispersed by gravity and wildlife, including White-tailed Antelope Squirrels, Great Basin Pocket Mice, Deer Mice, and Panamint Kangaroo Rats, which may also predate seeds (Gucker 2007).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest - ConiferWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedShrubland/chaparral
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
NevadaS4Yes
CaliforniaSNRYes
Threat Assessments

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)Yes
Roadless Areas (75)
California (46)
AreaForestAcres
Adams PeakPlumas National Forest5,283
Barney RileyHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest8,083
Benton RangeInyo National Forest9,637
Birch CreekInyo National Forest28,816
Black CanyonInyo National Forest32,421
Boundary Peak (CA)Inyo National Forest210,884
Buckeye RidgeHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest2,241
ButtermilkInyo National Forest542
Chineese Camp (CA)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,339
Coyote NorthInyo National Forest11,932
Coyote SoutheastInyo National Forest53,159
Devil's Gate (CA)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest9,946
Dexter CanyonInyo National Forest17,053
Excelsior (CA)Inyo National Forest45,607
FalesHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest9,138
Glass MountainInyo National Forest52,867
Hoover - EastHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest91
Hoover - Green Ck NoHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest7,155
Hoover - NorthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest1,574
Hoover - Virginia LksHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,050
Horse Mdw.Inyo National Forest5,687
HortonInyo National Forest5,717
Iceberg - Mill CreekHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest26,988
Log Cabin SaddlebagInyo National Forest15,165
Mono CratersInyo National Forest7,115
Mt. JacksonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest20,721
Mystic (CA)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest836
Nevahbe RidgeInyo National Forest302
North LakeInyo National Forest2,406
PaiuteInyo National Forest58,712
Robinson PeakHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,835
Rock Creek WestInyo National Forest3,626
ScodiesSequoia National Forest725
SherwinInyo National Forest3,140
Silver HillHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,423
SinkardHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest2,004
Soldier CanyonInyo National Forest40,589
South SierraInyo National Forest41,853
Sweetwater (CA)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest19,241
Table Mtn.Inyo National Forest4,215
TinemahaInyo National Forest27,060
West Walker (CA)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest495
Wheeler RidgeInyo National Forest15,744
Whisky CreekInyo National Forest865
Wild Horse Mtn. (CA)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest28,822
Wonoga Pk.Inyo National Forest11,272
Nevada (29)
AreaForestAcres
Arc Dome - OphirHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,652
Arc Dome - Secret BsnHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest74,782
Bald Mtn.Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest41,598
Bank SpringsHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest18,126
Chineese Camp (NV)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest15,207
Fourmile HillHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest15,718
Fourth Of July Spr (NV)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest3,145
Ione ValleyHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest552
Jobs Peak (NV)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest1,342
Larken LakeHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,159
Lobdell SummitHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest7,791
Long ValleyHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest50,472
Mt. ArdiveyHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest37,984
Mt. HicksHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest15,698
Mystic (NV)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,644
Pine Grove NorthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest8,749
Pine Grove SouthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest88,945
Rose - Alum CreekHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest853
Rose - Big MeadowsHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest311
Rose - Davis Mdw.Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest2,361
Rose - EvansHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,782
Rose - Hunter EastHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest54
Rose - VerdiHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest1,155
Rose - Whites CanyonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest2,568
Rough CreekHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest8,476
Sweetwater (NV)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,946
Toiyabe RangeHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest99,225
Wellington HillsHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest21,009
West Walker (NV)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,683
References (11)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2014b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 9. Magnoliophyta: Picramniaceae to Rosaceae. Oxford University Press, New York. xxiv + 713 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  3. Gucker, C. L. 2007. <i>Prunus andersonii</i>. In: Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Online. Available: https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/shrub/pruand/all.html (accessed 2025).
  4. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  5. Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2025. Jepson eFlora. Online. Available: https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/ (accessed 2025).
  6. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  7. Khoury, C. K., S. Greene, J. Wiersema, N. Maxted, A. Jarvis, and P. C. Struik. 2013. An inventory of crop wild relatives of the United States. Crop Science 53(4):1496-1508.
  8. Munz, P.A., with D.D. Keck. 1959. A California flora. Univ. California Press, Berkeley. 1681 pp.
  9. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  10. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).
  11. USDA Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS). 2020. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Ag Data Commons. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1212393">https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1212393</a>. (accessed 2020).