Prunus serotina

Ehrh.

Black Cherry

G5Secure Found in 62 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.961463
Element CodePDROS1C1T0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderRosales
FamilyRosaceae
GenusPrunus
Other Common Names
Cerisier tardif (FR) Rum Cherry (EN)
Concept Reference
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2014b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 9. Magnoliophyta: Picramniaceae to Rosaceae. Oxford University Press, New York. xxiv + 713 pp.
Taxonomic Comments
This record is for the broad treatment of Prunus serotina following FNA (vol. 9, 2014) that includes P. alabamensis. FNA (vol. 9, 2014) recognizes three varieties in P. serotina (alabamensis, rufula, and serotina). FNA (vol. 9, 2014) treats P. alabamensis as P. serotina var. alabamensis, expands the concept of P. serotina var. rufula to include P. serotina var. virens, and expands the concept of P. serotina var. serotina to include P. serotina var. eximia. In contrast, Kartesz (1994) recognizes four distinct varieties in P. serotina (rufula, eximia, serotina, and virens) and treats P. alabamensis as a distinct species.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-12-15
Change Date2016-03-30
Edition Date2025-12-15
Edition AuthorsSoteropoulos (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Prunus serotina is a wide-ranging shrub or tree found in a variety of woodland and forest habitats, including northern hardwood forests, ravines, canyons, rich coves, bottomlands, along streams, longleaf pine sandhills, mixed oak-pine-hickory forests and woodlands, mixed oak-pine-juniper woodlands, secondary forests, and disturbed habitats, such as roadsides, edges of fields, and often weedy in fencerows. It occurs in eastern and southwestern North America to Central America, from Nova Scotia west to Ontario, Canada, and Nebraska, and south to Florida, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, and to Mexico and Guatemala. It is introduced and considered invasive in Europe. Little is known about threats or trends, but with a large range extent and over 300 occurrences, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
Prunus serotina occurs in eastern and southwestern North America to Central America, from Nova Scotia west to Ontario, Canada, and Nebraska, and south to Florida, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona in the United States, and to Mexico and Guatemala (FNA 2014, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025). It is introduced and invasive in Europe (FNA 2014, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025). Native range extent was estimated to be over 10 million square kilometers using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are well over 300 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, RARECAT 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, this species is potentially threatened by development, rights-of-way maintenance, logging, succession, invasive species, and other threats in some places. However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range and large number of occurrences.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Prunus serotina grows in a variety of woodland and forest habitats, including northern hardwood forests, ravines, canyons, rich coves, bottomlands, along streams, longleaf pine sandhills, mixed oak-pine-hickory forests and woodlands, mixed oak-pine-juniper woodlands, secondary forests, and disturbed habitats, such as roadsides, edges of fields, and often weedy in fencerows (FNA 2014, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025).

Reproduction

This species flowers from March to June and fruits from June to September (FNA 2014). Fruits are eaten by numerous birds and mammals which disperse seeds (Wildflower Center 2025).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest - HardwoodForest - MixedWoodland - MixedSavannaOld fieldCropland/hedgerow
Palustrine Habitats
Riparian
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
British ColumbiaSNANo
OntarioS5Yes
QuebecSNRYes
New BrunswickS5Yes
Nova ScotiaS5Yes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
TexasSNRYes
ArkansasSNRYes
VirginiaS5Yes
MaineSNRYes
NebraskaSNRYes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
New HampshireSNRYes
MarylandSNRYes
DelawareS5Yes
WashingtonSNRYes
KentuckySNRYes
MississippiSNRYes
IndianaS5Yes
New JerseySNRYes
New YorkS5Yes
ConnecticutSNRYes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
ArizonaSNRYes
MichiganSNRYes
West VirginiaS5Yes
OklahomaSNRYes
OhioSNRYes
MinnesotaSNRYes
IowaS5Yes
FloridaSNRYes
KansasSNRYes
VermontS5Yes
North CarolinaS5Yes
MassachusettsSNRYes
New MexicoSNRYes
TennesseeSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
IllinoisSNRYes
MissouriSNRYes
AlabamaSNRYes
LouisianaSNRYes
South CarolinaSNRYes
GeorgiaSNRYes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)Yes
Roadless Areas (62)
Arizona (8)
AreaForestAcres
GaliuroCoronado National Forest28,333
Happy ValleyCoronado National Forest7,972
Hell HoleApache-Sitgreaves National Forests15,512
HellsgateTonto National Forest6,171
Lower San FranciscoApache-Sitgreaves National Forests59,310
Middle Dragoon RoadlessCoronado National Forest10,543
Mitchell PeakApache-Sitgreaves National Forests35,398
Painted BluffsApache-Sitgreaves National Forests43,118
Arkansas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Little BlakelyOuachita National Forest3,342
Florida (1)
AreaForestAcres
Alexander Springs CreekOcala National Forest2,954
Georgia (3)
AreaForestAcres
Joe GapChattahoochee National Forest5,321
Pink KnobChattahoochee National Forest12,127
Rocky MountainChattahoochee National Forest4,269
Michigan (1)
AreaForestAcres
FibreHiawatha National Forest7,432
New Hampshire (7)
AreaForestAcres
Carr MountainWhite Mountain National Forest17,110
Dartmouth RangeWhite Mountain National Forest9,233
PemigewassetWhite Mountain National Forest32,255
Pemigewasset ExtWhite Mountain National Forest15,840
Presidential - Dry River ExtWhite Mountain National Forest10,555
Sandwich RangeWhite Mountain National Forest16,797
Wild RiverWhite Mountain National Forest46,878
New Mexico (3)
AreaForestAcres
Hell HoleGila National Forest19,553
South Guadalupe MountainsLincoln National Forest20,930
West Face Sacramento MountainsLincoln National Forest41,176
North Carolina (6)
AreaForestAcres
Bald MountainPisgah National Forest11,085
Balsam ConePisgah National Forest10,591
Chunky Gal (addition)Nantahala National Forest3,336
Lost CovePisgah National Forest5,944
Overflow CreekNantahala National Forest3,379
Tusquitee BaldNantahala National Forest13,670
Pennsylvania (2)
AreaForestAcres
Clarion RiverAllegheny National Forest3,821
Hearts ContentAllegheny National Forest221
Tennessee (3)
AreaForestAcres
Brushy RidgeCherokee National Forest7,469
Flint Mill GapCherokee National Forest9,494
Stone MountainCherokee National Forest5,367
Texas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Little Lake CreekNational Forests in Texas596
Vermont (3)
AreaForestAcres
Bread LoafGreen Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,768
Griffith Lake 09084Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,833
Wilder Mountain 09082Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests8,759
Virginia (14)
AreaForestAcres
Adams PeakGeorge Washington National Forest7,135
Bear CreekJefferson National Forest18,274
Beards MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,505
Brush MountainJefferson National Forest6,002
JerkemtightGeorge Washington National Forest16,687
Kelley MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,590
Little AlleghanyGeorge Washington National Forest10,215
Little Wilson Creek Addition BJefferson National Forest1,725
New London Bridge BranchJefferson National Forest844
North MountainJefferson National Forest8,377
Oak KnobGeorge Washington National Forest10,882
Peters Mountain Addition BJefferson National Forest2,909
Raccoon BranchJefferson National Forest4,388
Southern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest11,985
West Virginia (9)
AreaForestAcres
Canaan LoopMonongahela National Forest7,867
Cranberry AdditionMonongahela National Forest11,123
Cranberry Glades Botanical AreaMonongahela National Forest785
Dolly Sods Roaring PlainMonongahela National Forest13,392
East Fork Of GreenbrierMonongahela National Forest7,167
Falls Of Hills CreekMonongahela National Forest6,925
Little MountainMonongahela National Forest8,172
Middle MountainMonongahela National Forest19,020
Seneca CreekMonongahela National Forest22,287
References (8)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2014b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 9. Magnoliophyta: Picramniaceae to Rosaceae. Oxford University Press, New York. xxiv + 713 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).
  3. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. <p>NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2025. Version: 2.1.1 (released April 04, 2025).</p>
  6. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).
  7. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2025. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. Edition of February 18, 2025. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Online. Available: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu (accessed 2025).
  8. Wildflower Center. 2025. Native Plant Database. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Austin Texas. Online. Available: https://www.wildflower.org/plants/ (accessed 2025).