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Home/Species/ Eastern Patch-nosed Snake

Salvadora grahamiae

Baird and Girard, 1853

Eastern Patch-nosed Snake

G5Secure Found in 25 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
LowThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101420
Element CodeARADB30020
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassReptilia
OrderSquamata
FamilyColubridae
GenusSalvadora
Other Common Names
Mountain Patchnose Snake (EN)
Concept Reference
Collins, J. T. 1990. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. 3rd ed. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular No. 19. 41 pp.
Conservation Status
Review Date2005-12-14
Change Date1996-10-30
Edition Date2005-12-14
Edition AuthorsHammerson, G.
Threat ImpactLow
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences81 to >300
Range Extent Comments
The range extends from southeastern Arizona (isolated population in Oak Creek Canyon, central Arizona), New Mexico, and central Texas southward into northern Mexico as far as Hidalgo (Stebbins 2003). Elevational range extends from sea level to over 1,980 meters (6,500 feet), but in the western part of the range this snake seldom occurs below 1,370 meters (4,500 feet) (Stebbins 2003).
Occurrences Comments
This species is represented by many occurrences or subpopulations. Degenhardt et al. (1996) mapped nearly 100 collection sites in New Mexico alone.
Threat Impact Comments
No major threats are known.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

In the western part of the range, habitats include rocky canyons, plateaus, and mountain slopes with open woodland or open ponderosa pine forests; in the east, the habitat includes prairies, arid shrublands, oak-juniper savanna, thorn brush woodland, and woodland-grassland-farmland mosaics (Degenhardt et al. 1996, Tennant 1998, Ernst and Ernst 2003, Stebbins 2003).

Reproduction

Lays clutch of 5-10 eggs in spring or early summer; eggs hatch in about August (Tennant 1984, Fitch 1970).
Terrestrial Habitats
Woodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedShrubland/chaparralGrassland/herbaceousDesertCropland/hedgerow
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
New MexicoS5Yes
TexasS5Yes
ArizonaS4Yes
Roadless Areas (25)
Arizona (7)
AreaForestAcres
Cdo WsaCoronado National Forest1,955
ChiricahuaCoronado National Forest76,876
Lower San FranciscoApache-Sitgreaves National Forests59,310
Middle Dragoon RoadlessCoronado National Forest10,543
Salt HouseApache-Sitgreaves National Forests21,848
Sierra Ancha Wilderness ContiguousTonto National Forest7,787
WhetstoneCoronado National Forest20,728
New Mexico (18)
AreaForestAcres
Alamo CanyonSanta Fe National Forest8,639
Apache Kid ContiguousCibola National Forest67,542
Candian RiverCibola National Forest7,149
Capitan MountainsLincoln National Forest14,069
Contiguous To Black & Aldo Leopold WildernessGila National Forest111,883
Contiguous To Gila Wilderness & Primitive AreaGila National Forest79,049
Devils CreekGila National Forest89,916
Frisco BoxGila National Forest38,979
Hell HoleGila National Forest19,553
Last Chance CanyonLincoln National Forest8,934
Lower San FranciscoGila National Forest26,460
Meadow CreekGila National Forest34,167
Ortega PeakLincoln National Forest11,545
Pecos WS RiverSanta Fe National Forest5,396
Peloncillo (NM)Coronado National Forest43,339
Ryan HillCibola National Forest34,201
South Guadalupe MountainsLincoln National Forest20,930
West Face Sacramento MountainsLincoln National Forest41,176
References (9)
  1. Behler, J. L., and F. W. King. 1979. The Audubon Society field guide to North American reptiles and amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 719 pp.
  2. Collins, J. T. 1990. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. 3rd ed. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular No. 19. 41 pp.
  3. Crother, B. I. (editor). 2008. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Herpetological Circular 37:1-84. Online with updates at: http://www.ssarherps.org/pages/comm_names/Index.php
  4. Crother, B. I. (editor). 2012. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 7th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 39:1-92.
  5. Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]
  6. Fitch, H. S. 1970. Reproductive cycles of lizards and snakes. Univ. Kansas Museum Natural History Miscellaneous Publication 52:1-247.
  7. Stebbins, R. C. 1985a. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. xiv + 336 pp.
  8. Stebbins, R. C. 2003. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. Third edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.
  9. Tennant, A. 1984. The Snakes of Texas. Texas Monthly Press, Austin, Texas. 561 pp.