Smilax tamnoides

L.

Halberd-leaf Greenbrier

G5Secure Found in 22 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.155658
Element CodePMSMI010Q0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderLiliales
FamilySmilacaceae
GenusSmilax
Synonyms
Smilax hispidaMuhl. ex Torr.
Other Common Names
bristly greenbrier (EN) Bristly Greenbrier (EN) Chinaroot (EN) Smilax hispide (FR)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
Kartesz (1994, 1999) and Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2000) do not recognize infrataxa in Smilax tamnoides.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-01-10
Change Date1986-04-08
Edition Date2025-01-10
Edition AuthorsN. Ventrella (2025)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
This taxon is a perennial herb or vine occurring in woods, thickets, and bottomlands of North America from South Dakota and Ontario east to Massachusetts, south to Florida, and west to Texas in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. There are over 4,000 estimated occurrences rangewide, which are potentially threatened by development, road maintenance, invasive species, and other threats in some places. Little is known about threats and trends, but with a large range extent, high number of occurrences, abundant habitat, broad habitat preferences, and no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities, this species is considered secure.
Range Extent Comments
This taxon occurs in eastern North America from South Dakota and Ontario east to Massachusetts, south to Florida, and west to Texas in the United States and Canada (FNA 2002). It also occurs in Mexico (POWO 2025). Range extent was estimated using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1994 and 2025 (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1994 and 2025, it is estimated that there are more than 4,000 occurrences rangewide (GBIF 2025, iNaturalist 2025, SEINet 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Although threats are not widely documented, this taxon is potentially threatened by development, road maintenance, invasive species, and other threats in some places. However, their overall impact is likely negligible given the species' broad range, large number of occurrences, tolerance of light disturbance, and affinity for typically abundant habitats, as well as no obvious intrinsic vulnerabilities.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

This taxon occurs in "wet to dry woods, thickets, [and] bottomlands" (FNA 2002).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandShrubland/chaparral
Palustrine Habitats
FORESTED WETLANDRiparian
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
OntarioS5Yes
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
NebraskaSNRYes
IllinoisS5Yes
MarylandSNRYes
FloridaS5Yes
New YorkS5Yes
GeorgiaSNRYes
New JerseyS2Yes
South CarolinaSNRYes
ArkansasS5Yes
LouisianaSNRYes
West VirginiaS5Yes
ConnecticutSHYes
North CarolinaS5Yes
New HampshireSNRYes
MichiganSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
South DakotaSNRYes
KentuckyS5Yes
IndianaS5Yes
KansasS5Yes
OklahomaSNRYes
TennesseeSNRYes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
OhioSNRYes
VirginiaS5Yes
MississippiSNRYes
IowaS5Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
TexasSNRYes
MissouriSNRYes
DelawareS1Yes
AlabamaSNRYes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
Unknown/undetermined

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (22)
Florida (1)
AreaForestAcres
Alexander Springs CreekOcala National Forest2,954
Illinois (1)
AreaForestAcres
Ripple HollowShawnee National Forest3,788
Kentucky (1)
AreaForestAcres
WolfpenDaniel Boone National Forest2,835
North Carolina (3)
AreaForestAcres
Laurel MountainPisgah National Forest5,683
SnowbirdNantahala National Forest8,489
Woods MountainPisgah National Forest9,602
Pennsylvania (1)
AreaForestAcres
Tracy RidgeAllegheny National Forest9,034
Tennessee (1)
AreaForestAcres
Stone MountainCherokee National Forest5,367
Virginia (6)
AreaForestAcres
Adams PeakGeorge Washington National Forest7,135
Mt. PleasantGeorge Washington National Forest8,933
Oliver MountainGeorge Washington National Forest13,090
Ramseys Draft AdditionGeorge Washington National Forest12,781
Seng MountainJefferson National Forest6,428
SkidmoreGeorge Washington National Forest5,641
West Virginia (7)
AreaForestAcres
Cranberry AdditionMonongahela National Forest11,123
Cranberry Glades Botanical AreaMonongahela National Forest785
Dry River (WV)George Washington National Forest7,331
Falls Of Hills CreekMonongahela National Forest6,925
Middle MountainMonongahela National Forest19,020
Seneca CreekMonongahela National Forest22,287
Tea Creek MountainMonongahela National Forest8,295
Wisconsin (1)
AreaForestAcres
09154 - St. Peters DomeChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest4,002
References (3)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 26. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxvi + 723 pp.
  2. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  3. Plants of the World Online (POWO). 2025. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Online. Available: https://powo.science.kew.org/ (accessed 2025).